Calendarium republicanum Francicum

Calendarium republicanum.

Calendarium republicanum Francicum (Francice calendrier républicain) est calendarium tempore rerum novarum Francicarum institutum, quod in Francia in usu erat ab anno 1793 usque ad 1805. Consilium erat systematis numerici decimalis adhibendi et verborum religiosorum vitandorum.

Initio anni erat die 22 Septembris, aequinoctio autumno in hemisphaerio boreali. Calendario duodecim menses erant, et unusquisque mensis tres decades^[1] dierum (id est 3 × 10 dies) habebat.^[2]

Nomina dierum

Hebdomas in decadem conversa est. Nomina dierum decadis erant:^[3] primidi (primus dies), duodi (secundus dies), tridi (tertius dies), quartidi (quartus dies), quintidi (quintus dies), sextidi (sextus dies), septidi (septimus dies), octidi (octavus dies), nonidi (nonus dies) ac - dies ferialis - décadi (decimus dies).

Nomina mensium

Nomina mensium, a poëta Fabre d'Églantine^(fr) excogitata, erant:

Nomen Francicum		Origo verbi	Nomen Latinum attestatum (cum attestatione)	Nomen Hispanicum	Nomen Italianum
Autumnus
vendémiaire		Latina: vindemia	Vendemiarius[4]	vendimiario	vendemmiaio
brumaire		Francica: brume	Brumarius[5]	brumario	brumaio
frimaire		Francica: frimas	Frimarius[6]	frimario	frimaio
Hiems
nivôse		Latina: nivosus	Nivosus[7]	nivoso	nevoso
pluviôse		Latina: pluviosus	Pluviosus[8]	pluvioso	piovoso
ventôse		Latina: ventosus	Ventosus[9]	ventoso	ventoso
Ver
germinal		Latina: germen	Germinalis[10]	germinal	germinale/germile
floréal		Latina: flor	Florealis[7]	floreal	fiorile/floreale
prairial		Francica: prairie	Prairialis[11][12]	pradial	pratile
Aestas
messidor		Latina: messis	Messidorus[7][13]	mesidor	messidoro
thermidor		Graeca: θερμός	Thermidorus[7]	termidor	termidoro
fructidor		Latina: fructus	Fructidorus[7][14]	fructidor	fruttidoro

Dies complementariae

Ita menses 360 dies continebant. Igitur erant quinque vel sex dies complementariae dictae, quae ad finem anni feriae erant. Dies complementaria sexta, Feria Rerum Novarum, modo in annis bisextilibus evenit.

Numeratio annorum

Calendarium anno 1793 decretum est, sed anni numerabantur a die 22 Septembri 1792, id est tempore rerum novarum, incipientes anno I (sine anno zero). Dies ultima usus generali calendarii republicani in Francia igitur, 31 Decembris 1805, dies 10 Nivosi anni XIV erat (Commune Parisiorum anni 1871 breviter calendarium republicanum utebatur, de die 26 Florealis ad diem 4 Prairialis anni LXXIX (16-24 Maii 1871).^[15]).

Anni plerumque numeris Romanis notati sunt.

Calendarium rurale

Ad influentiam Ecclesiae reducendam, Fabre de Cynorrhodo mutavit calendarium sanctorum (sicut usus est apud Christianos) in rurale, in quo cuique die celebratur res ruralis oeconomiae. Die quino celebratur bestia communis, die deno instrumentum, aliibus diebus flores, arbores aliaque vegetalia, sed in primo hiemali mense nomine Nivoso (fr.: Nivôse) celebrantur mineralia.

Autumnus

Vendemiarius (22 September – 21 October) 1 22 Sep Raisin (Uva) 2 23 Sep Safran (Safranum) 3 24 Sep Châtaigne (Castanea) 4 25 Sep Colchique (Hieribulbum) 5 26 Sep Cheval (Equus) 6 27 Sep Balsamine (Balsamina) 7 28 Sep Carotte (Daucum) 8 29 Sep Amaranthe (Amaranthus) 9 30 Sep Panais (Pastinaca) 10 1 Oct Cuve (Linter) 11 2 Oct Pomme de terre (Patata) 12 3 Oct Immortelle (Helichrysum) 13 4 Oct Potiron (Colocytha) 14 5 Oct Réséda (Reseda) 15 6 Oct Âne (Asinus) 16 7 Oct Belle de nuit (Jalapa) 17 8 Oct Citrouille (Concurbita) 18 9 Oct Sarrasin (Fagopyrum) 19 10 Oct Tournesol (Helianthus) 20 11 Oct Pressoir (Torcular) 21 12 Oct Chanvre (Cannabis) 22 13 Oct Pêche (Persicum) 23 14 Oct Navet (Rutabaga) 24 15 Oct Amaryllis (Amaryllis) 25 16 Oct Bœuf (Bos) 26 17 Oct Aubergine (Melongena) 27 18 Oct Piment (Capsicum) 28 19 Oct Tomate (Pomum Aureum) 29 20 Oct Orge (Hordeum) 30 21 Oct Tonneau (Cupa)

Brumarius (22 October – 20 November) 1 22 Oct Pomme (Malum) 2 23 Oct Céleri (Apium) 3 24 Oct Poire (Pirum) 4 25 Oct Betterave (Beta) 5 26 Oct Oie (Anser) 6 27 Oct Héliotrope (Heliotropium) 7 28 Oct Figue (Ficus) 8 29 Oct Scorsonère (Scorzonera) 9 30 Oct Alisier (Leucosorbus) 10 31 Oct Charrue (Aratrum) 11 1 Nov Salsifis (Lagochortum) 12 2 Nov Mâcre (Caclitrappa) 13 3 Nov Topinambour (Hierosolymana) 14 4 Nov Endive (Endivia) 15 5 Nov Dindon (Meleagris) 16 6 Nov Chervis (Siser) 17 7 Nov Cresson (Nasturtium) 18 8 Nov Dentelaire (Plumbago) 19 9 Nov Grenade (Punica) 20 10 Nov Herse (Hirpex) 21 11 Nov Bacchante (Baccharis) 22 12 Nov Azerole (Azarolus) 23 13 Nov Garance (Erythrodanum) 24 14 Nov Orange (Aurantium) 25 15 Nov Faisan (Phasianus) 26 16 Nov Pistache (Pistacia) 27 17 Nov Macjonc (Lathyrus) 28 18 Nov Coing (Cydonium) 29 19 Nov Cormier (Sorbum) 30 20 Nov Rouleau (Argostroteras)

Frimarius (21 November – 20 December) 1 21 Nov Raiponce (Phyteuma) 2 22 Nov Turneps (Rapa) 3 23 Nov Chicorée (Cichorium) 4 24 Nov Nèfle (Mespilus) 5 25 Nov Cochon (Sus) 6 26 Nov Mâche (Valerianella) 7 27 Nov Chou-fleur (Cyma) 8 28 Nov Miel (Mel) 9 29 Nov Genièvre (Juniperus) 10 30 Nov Pioche (Dolabra) 11 1 Dec Cire (Cera) 12 2 Dec Raifort (Sinapis) 13 3 Dec Cèdre (Cedrus) 14 4 Dec Sapin (Abies) 15 5 Dec Chevreuil (Prox) 16 6 Dec Ajonc (Ulex) 17 7 Dec Cyprès (Cupressus) 18 8 Dec Lierre (Hedera) 19 9 Dec Sabine (Arceuthus) 20 10 Dec Hoyau (Rastrum) 21 11 Dec Érable à sucre (Mellificus) 22 12 Dec Bruyère (Calluna) 23 13 Dec Roseau (Harundo) 24 14 Dec Oseille (Rumex) 25 15 Dec Grillon (Gryllus) 26 16 Dec Pignon (Strobilus) 27 17 Dec Liège (Suber) 28 18 Dec Truffe (Tertufulus) 29 19 Dec Olive (Olea) 30 20 Dec Pelle (Pala)

Hiems

Nivosus (21 December – 19 Januarius) 1 21 Dec Tourbe (Turfa) 2 22 Dec Houille (Carbo) 3 23 Dec Bitume (Bitumen) 4 24 Dec Soufre (Sulphur) 5 25 Dec Chien (Canis) 6 26 Dec Lave (Rhyax) 7 27 Dec Terre végétale (Phytochoma) 8 28 Dec Fumier (Laetamen) 9 29 Dec Salpêtre (Sal petrae) 10 30 Dec Fléau (Tritorium) 11 31 Dec Granit (Granitum) 12 1 Jan Argile (Argilla) 13 2 Jan Ardoise (Ardesia) 14 3 Jan Grès (Cos) 15 4 Jan Lapin (Cuniculus) 16 5 Jan Silex (Silex) 17 6 Jan Marne (Marna) 18 7 Jan Pierre à chaux (Calcarea) 19 8 Jan Marbre (Marmor) 20 9 Jan Van (Vannus) 21 10 Jan Pierre à plâtre (Gypsum) 22 11 Jan Sel (Sal) 23 12 Jan Fer (Ferrum) 24 13 Jan Cuivre (Cuprum) 25 14 Jan Chat (Feles) 26 15 Jan Étain (Stannum) 27 16 Jan Plomb (Plumbum) 28 17 Jan Zinc (Zincum) 29 18 Jan Mercure (Hydrargyrum) 30 19 Jan Crible (Cribrum)

Pluviosus (20 Januarius – 18 Februarius) 1 20 Jan Lauréole (Laureola) 2 21 Jan Mousse (Muscus) 3 22 Jan Fragon (Ruscus) 4 23 Jan Perce-neige (Galanthus) 5 24 Jan Taureau (Taurus) 6 25 Jan Laurier-thym (Viburnum) 7 26 Jan Amadouvier (Fomes) 8 27 Jan Mézéréon (Mezereum) 9 28 Jan Peuplier (Populus) 10 29 Jan Coignée (Securis) 11 30 Jan Ellébore (Helleborus) 12 31 Jan Brocoli (Broccolum) 13 1 Feb Laurier (Laurus) 14 2 Feb Avelinier (Corylus) 15 3 Feb Vache (Vacca) 16 4 Feb Buis (Buxus) 17 5 Feb Lichen (Lichen) 18 6 Feb If (Taxus) 19 7 Feb Pulmonaire (Pulmonaria) 20 8 Feb Serpette (Bisbe) 21 9 Feb Thlaspi (Thlaspi) 22 10 Feb Thimelé (Cneorum) 23 11 Feb Chiendent (Agriada) 24 12 Feb Trainasse (Polygonum) 25 13 Feb Lièvre (Lepus) 26 14 Feb Guède (Aluta) 27 15 Feb Noisetier (Avellana) 28 16 Feb Cyclamen (Cyclamen) 29 17 Feb Chélidoine (Chelidonium) 30 18 Feb Traîneau (Trahea)

Ventosus (19 Februarius – 20 Martius) 1 19 Feb Tussilage (Tussilago) 2 20 Feb Cornouiller (Cornus) 3 21 Feb Violier (Matthiola) 4 22 Feb Troène (Leucoium) 5 23 Feb Bouc (Hircus) 6 24 Feb Asaret (Asarum) 7 25 Feb Alaterne (Alaternus) 8 26 Feb Violette (Viola) 9 27 Feb Marceau (Salix caprea) 10 28 Feb Bêche (Rutrum) 11 1 Mar Narcisse (Narcissus) 12 2 Mar Orme (Ulmus) 13 3 Mar Fumeterre (Fumaria) 14 4 Mar Vélar (Sisymbrium) 15 5 Mar Chèvre (Capra) 16 6 Mar Épinard (Spinacia) 17 7 Mar Doronic (Doronicum) 18 8 Mar Mouron (Masutipos) 19 9 Mar Cerfeuil (Enthriscum) 20 10 Mar Cordeau (Spacus) 21 11 Mar Mandragore (Mandragora) 22 12 Mar Persil (Petroselinum) 23 13 Mar Cochléaria (Cochlearia) 24 14 Mar Pâquerette (Margarita) 25 15 Mar Thon (Thunnus) 26 16 Mar Pissenlit (Taraxacum) 27 17 Mar Sylvie (Anemone) 28 18 Mar Capillaire (Capillus Veneris) 29 19 Mar Frêne (Fraxinus) 30 20 Mar Plantoir (Plantatrum)

Ver

Germinalis (21 Martius – 19 Aprilis) 1 21 Mar Primevère (Primula) 2 22 Mar Platane (Platanus) 3 23 Mar Asperge (Asparagus) 4 24 Mar Tulipe (Tulipa) 5 25 Mar Poule (Gallina) 6 26 Mar Bette (Sesculum) 7 27 Mar Bouleau (Betula) 8 28 Mar Jonquille (Asphodelus) 9 29 Mar Aulne (Alnus) 10 30 Mar Couvoir (Incubator) 11 31 Mar Pervenche (Vinca) 12 1 Apr Charme (Carpinus) 13 2 Apr Morille (Morchella) 14 3 Apr Hêtre (Fagus) 15 4 Apr Abeille (Apis) 16 5 Apr Laitue (Lactuca) 17 6 Apr Mélèze (Larix) 18 7 Apr Ciguë (Conium) 19 8 Apr Radis (Raphanus) 20 9 Apr Ruche (Apiarium) 21 10 Apr Gainier (Cercis) 22 11 Apr Romaine (Lactuca Romana) 23 12 Apr Marronnier (Hippocastanum) 24 13 Apr Roquette (Eruca) 25 14 Apr Pigeon (Columba) 26 15 Apr Lilas (Paschalia) 27 16 Apr Anémone (Anemone) 28 17 Apr Pensée (Panses) 29 18 Apr Myrtille (Vaccinium) 30 19 Apr Greffoir (Inoculatrum)

Florealis (20 Aprilis – 19 Majus) 1 20 Apr Rose (Rosa) 2 21 Apr Chêne (Quercus) 3 22 Apr Fougère (Filix) 4 23 Apr Aubépine (Crataegus) 5 24 Apr Rossignol (Luscinia) 6 25 Apr Ancolie (Aquilegia) 7 26 Apr Muguet (Convallaria) 8 27 Apr Champignon (Agaricus) 9 28 Apr Hyacinthe (Hyacinthus) 10 29 Apr Râteau (Pecten) 11 30 Apr Rhubarbe (Rheubarbarum) 12 1 May Sainfoin (Onobrychis) 13 2 May Bâton d'or (Erysimum) 14 3 May Chamerisier (Chamaerops) 15 4 May Ver à soie (Bombyx) 16 5 May Consoude (Symphytum) 17 6 May Pimprenelle (Sanguisorba) 18 7 May Corbeille d'or (Aurinia) 19 8 May Arroche (Atriplex) 20 9 May Sarcloir (Marra) 21 10 May Statice (Armeria) 22 11 May Fritillaire (Fritillaria) 23 12 May Bourrache (Borago) 24 13 May Valériane (Valeriana) 25 14 May Carpe (Cyprinus) 26 15 May Fusain (Euonymus) 27 16 May Civette (Schoenoprasum) 28 17 May Buglosse (Anchusa) 29 18 May Sénevé (Leucosinapis) 30 19 May Houlette (Pedum)

Prairialis (20 Majus – 18 Junius) 1 20 May Luzerne (Medicago) 2 21 May Hémérocalle (Hemerocallis) 3 22 May Trèfle (Trifolium) 4 23 May Angélique (Angelica) 5 24 May Canard (Anas) 6 25 May Mélisse (Melissa) 7 26 May Fromental (Arrhenatherum) 8 27 May Martagon (Martagon) 9 28 May Serpolet (Serpullum) 10 29 May Faux (Falx) 11 30 May Fraise (Fragaria) 12 31 May Bétoine (Stachys) 13 1 Jun Pois (Pisum) 14 2 Jun Acacia (Acacia) 15 3 Jun Caille (Coturnix) 16 4 Jun Œillet (Caryophyllus) 17 5 Jun Sureau (Sambucus) 18 6 Jun Pavot (Papaver) 19 7 Jun Tilleul (Tilia) 20 8 Jun Fourche (Furca) 21 9 Jun Barbeau (Cyanus) 22 10 Jun Camomille (Chamaemelum) 23 11 Jun Chèvrefeuille (Lonicera) 24 12 Jun Caille-lait (Galium) 25 13 Jun Tanche (Tinca) 26 14 Jun Jasmin (Jasminum) 27 15 Jun Verveine (Verbena) 28 16 Jun Thym (Thymus) 29 17 Jun Pivoine (Paeonia) 30 18 Jun Chariot (Currulus)

Aestas

Messidorus (19 Junius – 18 Julius) 1 19 Jun Seigle (Secale) 2 20 Jun Avoine (Avena) 3 21 Jun Oignon (Cepa) 4 22 Jun Véronique (Veronica) 5 23 Jun Mulet (Mulus) 6 24 Jun Romarin (Rosmarinus) 7 25 Jun Concombre (Cucumis) 8 26 Jun Échalote (Ascalonicum) 9 27 Jun Absinthe (Absinthium) 10 28 Jun Faucille (Falx messoria) 11 29 Jun Coriandre (Coriandrum) 12 30 Jun Artichaut (Articactus) 13 1 Jul Girofle (Syzygium) 14 2 Jul Lavande (Lavandula) 15 3 Jul Chamois (Ibex) 16 4 Jul Tabac (Tabacum) 17 5 Jul Groseille (Ribes) 18 6 Jul Gesse (Lathyrus) 19 7 Jul Cerise (Cerasus) 20 8 Jul Parc (Vivarium) 21 9 Jul Menthe (Mentha) 22 10 Jul Cumin (Cuminum) 23 11 Jul Haricot (Faba) 24 12 Jul Orcanète (Alchanna) 25 13 Jul Pintade (Numida) 26 14 Jul Sauge (Salvia) 27 15 Jul Ail (Allium) 28 16 Jul Vesce (Vicia) 29 17 Jul Blé (Triticum) 30 18 Jul Chalémie (Calamaula)

Thermidorus (19 Julius – 17 Augustus) 1 19 Jul Épeautre (Spelta) 2 20 Jul Bouillon blanc (Verbascum) 3 21 Jul Melon (Melo) 4 22 Jul Ivraie (Lolium) 5 23 Jul Bélier (Aries) 6 24 Jul Prêle (Equisetum) 7 25 Jul Armoise (Artemisia) 8 26 Jul Carthame (Carthamus) 9 27 Jul Mûre (Rubus) 10 28 Jul Arrosoir (Nasiterna) 11 29 Jul Panic (Setaria) 12 30 Jul Salicorne (Sarcocornia) 13 31 Jul Abricot (Armeniacum) 14 1 Aug Basilic (Basilicum) 15 2 Aug Brebis (Ovis) 16 3 Aug Guimauve (Althaea) 17 4 Aug Lin (Linum) 18 5 Aug Amande (Amygdala) 19 6 Aug Gentiane (Gentiana) 20 7 Aug Écluse (Cataracta) 21 8 Aug Carline (Carlina) 22 9 Aug Câprier (Capparis) 23 10 Aug Lentille (Lens) 24 11 Aug Aunée (Inula) 25 12 Aug Loutre (Lutra) 26 13 Aug Myrte (Myrtus) 27 14 Aug Colza (Bunias) 28 15 Aug Lupin (Lupinus) 29 16 Aug Coton (Xylon) 30 17 Aug Moulin (Ventimola)

Fructidorus (18 Augustus – 16 September) 1 18 Aug Prune (Prunum) 2 19 Aug Millet (Milium) 3 20 Aug Lycoperdon (Pezis) 4 21 Aug Escourgeon (Hexastichon) 5 22 Aug Saumon (Salmo) 6 23 Aug Tubéreuse (Agave) 7 24 Aug Sucrion (Sucrion) 8 25 Aug Apocyn (Apocynum) 9 26 Aug Réglisse (Glycyrrhiza) 10 27 Aug Échelle (Scalae) 11 28 Aug Pastèque (Citrullus) 12 29 Aug Fenouil (Foeniculum) 13 30 Aug Épine vinette (Berberis) 14 31 Aug Noix (Iuglans) 15 1 Sep Truite (Tructa) 16 2 Sep Citron (Limon) 17 3 Sep Cardère (Dipsacus) 18 4 Sep Nerprun (Rhamnus) 19 5 Sep Tagette (Tagetes) 20 6 Sep Hotte (Corbis) 21 7 Sep Églantier (Cynorrhodum) 22 8 Sep Noisette (Nux avellana) 23 9 Sep Houblon (Lupulus) 24 10 Sep Sorgho (Sorghum) 25 11 Sep Écrevisse (Astacum) 26 12 Sep Bigarade (Citrangulus) 27 13 Sep Verge d'or (Chrysorhabdus) 28 14 Sep Maïs (Zea) 29 15 Sep Marron (Diosbalanus) 30 16 Sep Panier (Panarium)

Notae

1. Francice: décade; Latine vide: Ioannes Boinvilliers, Manuel latin ou choix de compositions françaises et recueil de fables et d'histoires latines, Lutetiae, anno 1805 (p. 132 apud Google Books).
2. Histoire du calendrier romain, grégorien et républicain.
3. Conversio Latina vide Leopoldus Einsle, Systematische Zusammenstellung der vorzüglichsten europäischen Maße, Gewichte und Münzen, Camboduni, anno 1846 (p. 140 apud Google Books).
4. Iohannes Aegidius Alexander Modestus Droixhe, Meditationes in articulum 4tum Codicis Civilis seu investigationes in leges interpretandi applicandique scientiam, Leodii, anno 1825 (p. 21 apud Google Books).
5. "Brumarius (mensis) ... Brumaire (in the Revolutionary Calendar)": D. Sacré, "Instrumentum lexicographicum" in Humanistica Lovaniensia vol. 59 (2010) p. 468.
6. "14. Frimarius ofte Nevelmaend" (contextu Batavo) (p. 545 apud Google Books).
7. Iohannes Aegidius Alexander Modestus Droixhe, Meditationes in articulum 4tum Codicis Civilis seu investigationes in leges interpretandi applicandique scientiam, Leodii, anno 1825 (p. 21 apud Google Books).
8. Hermanus Obreen, Dissertatio iuridica inauguralis de insinuatione instrumentorum authenticorum et privatorum in acta publica, Lugduni Batavorum, anno 1832 (p. 20 apud Google Books).
9. Hermanus Obreen, Dissertatio iuridica inauguralis de insinuatione instrumentorum authenticorum et privatorum in acta publica, Lugduni Batavorum, anno 1832 (p. 21 apud Google Books).
10. Ioannes Boinvilliers, Manuel latin ou choix de compositions françaises et recueil de fables et d'histoires latines, Lutetiae, anno 1805 (p. 136 apud Google Books).
11. Petrus Gaspardus Forestier, Dissertatio de morbis aut noxis puerorum a vitiatis, depravatisve parentum humoribus, Lutetiis, anno 1803 (p. 4 apud Google Books); Ioannes Franciscus Van Zuylen-van Nyevelt, Dissertatio inauguralis iuridica de legum promulgatione, Lovanii, anno 1822 (p. 20 apud Google Books).
12. Etiam invenit mensis pratorum: Ludovicus Ferdinandus Türck (1767–1814), parochus in Laufen, 31 Maii 1803, Staatsarchiv Baselland, E.9.2.42.06 Kirchenbuch Laufen 1791–1862, pagina 122, actum 02 (Anno millesimo octingentesimo tertio reipublicæ Gallicanæ undecimo die mensis pratorum …).
13. Etiam invenit forma Messifer (vide hic, p. 139 apud Google Books).
14. Etiam invenit forma Fructifer (vide hic, p. 134 apud Google Books).
15. Vide diurnum officialem hic.

Nexus externi

• Situs qui dies calendarii Gregoriani in dies calendarii Republicani convertit

Vide Decretum Conventus nationalis calendarii republicani creandi apud Vicifontem.

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Calendarium republicanum Francicum spectant.

Calendaria et aerae chronologicae

Calendaria	calendarium Gregorianum • calendarium Iulianum • calendarium Romanum • calendarium Hebraicum • calendarium Islamicum • calendarium republicanum Francicum
Aerae	aera Christiana/aera vulgaris/aera communis • annus Hegirae • aera Hispanica • ab urbe condita • ante praesentem • annus Mundi • annus Reipublicae Francicae