인체 골격근 목록
1 뒤통수이마근 관자마루근 눈둘레근 위입술올림근 , 상순거근 (上脣擧筋) 씹기근육 , 저작근 (咀嚼筋) 목빗근 , 흉쇄유돌근 (胸鎖乳突筋) 입둘레근 , 구륜근 (口輪筋) 어깨세모근 , 삼각근 (三角筋) 등세모근 , 승모근 (僧帽筋) 큰가슴근 , 대흉근 (大胸筋) 넓은등근 , 광배근 (廣背筋) 위팔세갈래근 , 상완삼두근 (上腕三頭筋) 위팔두갈래근 , 상완이두근 (上腕二頭筋) 앞톱니근 , 전거근 (前鋸筋) 혹은 전방거근(前方鋸筋)배곧은근 , 복직근 (腹直筋) 배바깥빗근 , 외복사근 (外腹斜筋) 넙다리근막긴장근 , 대퇴근막장근(大腿筋膜張筋) 넙다리곧은근 , 대퇴직근 (大腿直筋) 큰볼기근 , 대둔근 (大臀筋) 네모엎침근 , 방형회내근(方形回內筋) 굽힘근지지띠 , 굴곡근지지대(屈曲筋支持帶) 손가락굽힘근 , 총지굴근(總指屈筋), 총수지굴근(總手指屈筋)넙다리빗근 , 봉공근(縫工筋) 넙다리네모근 , 대퇴방형근(大腿方形筋) 넓적다리뒤근육 , 좌골하퇴근 (坐骨下腿筋) 장딴지근 , 비복근(髀腹筋) 앞정강근 , 전경골근(前頸骨筋) 가자미근 , 비근(腓筋) 폄근지지띠 , 신전근지지대(伸展筋支持帶) 종아리세갈래근 , 하퇴삼두근(下腿三頭筋) 일반적인 인간에게는 대략 640개의 골격근 이 있고, 대부분의 근육이 좌우대칭의 양측성 근육이므로 대략 320쌍의 근육을 이 문서에서 보여주고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 정확한 숫자를 정하는 건 어려운데 왜냐하면 특정 근육을 단일 근육의 다른 부분으로 정의할지, 각각의 근육으로 정의할지 등의 문제가 있기 때문이다. 그래서 640개에서 850개로 근육의 숫자를 다르게 셀 수 있다.[ 1]
인체의 근육들은 머리 와 목 (head and neck)의 근육, 몸통 (torso or trunk)의 근육, 팔 (upper limbs)의 근육과 다리 (lower limbs)의 근육을 포함한 많은 분류로 나뉠 수 있다.
표의 "동작"(action)은 해부학적 위치 의 각각의 근육의 동작을 의미한다.
이 근육들은 해부학 용어 (anatomical terminology)를 사용하여 설명된다. 한국어, 한자어, 영어 용어가 섞여서 쓰이는 대한민국 의학 계의 현실을 감안하여 한국어, 한자어, 영어 명칭을 모두 표기하였다.
KMLE 의학검색엔진에서 "대한의협 의학용어 사전"과 "대한해부학회 의학용어 사전"을 검색할 수 있다.
인체 해부학 에서의 골격근 의 목록은 아래 표와 같다. 아래 표를 보기 전에 인체 뼈 목록 , 위치에 대한 해부학 용어 , 운동에 대한 해부학 용어 , 근육에 대한 해부학 용어 문서를 읽으면 이해가 좀 더 쉬울 것이다.
근육
이는곳(Origin)
닿는곳(Insertion)
동맥(Artery)
신경(Nerve)
동작
대항근
눈꺼풀올림근 (Levator palpebrae superioris muscle)나비뼈 (sphenoid bone)눈꺼풀판 (tarsus, tarsal plate), 위눈꺼풀 (upper eyelid)ophthalmic artery oculomotor nerve 눈꺼풀의 들임 과 올림
눈둘레근 (orbicularis oculi muscle)
위눈꺼풀판근 (superior tarsal muscle)눈꺼풀올림근 (levator palpebrae superioris muscle)의 아랫면superior tarsal plate of the eyelidsympathetic nervous system 윗눈꺼풀 들기
눈둘레근 (orbicularis oculi muscle)이마뼈 , 안쪽눈꺼풀인대 (medial palpebral ligament), 그리고 눈물뼈 (lacrimal bone)가쪽눈꺼풀솔기 (lateral palpebral raphe)ophthalmic artery , zygomatico-orbital artery , angular artery 얼굴신경 (facial nerve)눈꺼풀 닫기
눈꺼풀올림근 (levator palpebrae superioris muscle)
곧은근(Rectus muscles)
위곧은근 (Superior rectus muscle)눈확끝(orbital apex)의 온힘줄고리 (Common tendinous ring)
7.5 mm superior to the corneal limbus
oculomotor nerve 눈 (eye)의 들기 , 모음 , 안쪽돌림
아래곧은근 (Inferior rectus muscle)6.5 mm inferior to the corneal limbus
inferior branch of oculomotor nerve 내림 과 모음
안쪽곧은근 (Medial rectus muscle)5.5 mm medial to the corneal limbus
inferior division of the oculomotor nerve
안구 (eyeball)의 모음
가쪽곧은근 (Lateral rectus muscle)7 mm temporal to the corneal limbus
abducens nerve 안구 (eyeball)의 벌림
빗근(Oblique muscles)
위빗근 (Superior oblique muscle)눈확끝(orbital apex)과 시각신경관(optic canal) 안쪽(medial)의 온힘줄고리 (Common tendinous ring)
outer posterior quadrant of the eyeball
lateral muscular branch of the ophthalmic artery
trochlear nerve 주: 안쪽돌림 (intorsion).안구 (eyeball)의 벌림 (가쪽돌림 )과 내림
아래빗근 (Inferior oblique muscle)위턱뼈 (maxilla)의 눈확(orbital) 표면, 눈물고랑 (누구 , lacrimal groove)의 가쪽(lateral)laterally onto the eyeball , deep to the lateral rectus , by a short flat tendon
oculomotor nerve 두눈바깥회선(extorsion), 올림, 벌림
근육
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
대항근
목갈비근 (scalene muscles)cervical vertebrae first and second ribs
ascending cervical artery (branch of inferior thyroid artery )cervical nerves (C3 , C4 , C5 , C6 , C7 elevation of ribs I&II
앞목갈비근 (Scalenus anterior muscle)C3 -C6 first rib ascending cervical artery (branch of inferior thyroid artery )ventral ramus of C5 , C6 When the neck is fixed, elevates the first rib to aid in breathing or when the rib is fixed, bends the neck forward and sideways and rotates it to the opposite side
중간목갈비근 (Scalenus medius muscle)C2 -C6 first rib ascending cervical artery (branch of inferior thyroid artery )ventral rami of the third to eighth cervical spinal nerves
Elevate 1st rib, rotate the neck to the opposite side
뒤목갈비근 (Scalenus posterior muscle)transverse processes of C4 - C6
2nd rib
ascending cervical artery , superficial cervical artery C6 , C7 , C8 Elevate 2nd rib, tilt the neck to the same side
어깨올림근 (levator scapulae muscle)Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 - C4Superior part of medial border of scapula
dorsal scapular artery cervical nerve (C3, C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)Elevates 어깨뼈 (scapula) and tilts its 접시오목 (glenoid cavity) inferiorly by rotating scapula
가쪽머리곧은근 (Rectus capitis lateralis muscle)upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas (C1)
under surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone
C1
위머리빗근 (Obliquus capitis superior muscle)lateral mass of atlas lateral half of the inferior nuchal line
suboccipital nerve
아래머리빗근 (Obliquus capitis inferior muscle)spinous process of the axis
lateral mass of atlas suboccipital nerve
근육
이는곳(Origin)
닿는곳(Insertion)
동맥(Artery)
신경(Nerve)
작용(Action)
대항근
척주세움근 (erector spinae muscle)on the spines of the last four thoracic vertebrae
both the spines of the most cranial thoracic vertebrae and the cervical vertebrae
lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve extends the vertebral column
배곧은근 (rectus abdominis muscle)
엉덩갈비근 (iliocostalis muscle)lateral sacral artery
가장긴근 (longissimus muscle,최장근)가로돌기(transverse process )
가로돌기(transverse process )
lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve 배곧은근 (rectus abdominis muscle)
가시근 (spinalis muscle)spinous process spinous process lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve 배곧은근 (rectus abdominis muscle)
넓은등근 (광배근 , 활배근 , Latissimus dorsi muscle)spinous processes of thoracic T6 -T12 , thoracolumbar fascia , iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs
floor of intertubercular groove of the 위팔뼈 (humerus)
subscapular artery , dorsal scapular artery thoracodorsal nerve pulls the forelimb dorsally and caudally
어깨세모근 (삼각근 , Deltoid muscle), 등세모근 (승모근 , Trapezius muscle)
가로돌기가시근육 (Transversospinales muscles)가로돌기(transverse process )
spinous process Posterior branch of posterior branches
등반가시근 (semispinalis thoracis muscle)transverse processes of the sixth to the tenth thoracic vertebrae
spinous processes of the upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae
목반가시근 (semispinalis cervicis muscle)transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebræ
cervical spinous processes, from the axis to the fifth
머리반가시근 (semispinalis capitis muscle)transversal process of lower cervical and higher thoracal columna
area between superior and inferior nuchal line
greater occipital nerve Extends the head
뭇갈래근 (multifidus muscle)엉치뼈 (sacrum), erector spinae aponeurosis , PSIS , and iliac crest 가시돌기(spinous process )
척수신경의 뒷가지(posterior branch of spinal nerve )
Stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column
돌림근 (Rotatores muscle)가로돌기(transverse process )
가시돌기(spinous process )
뒤가지(posterior branch )
가시사이근육 (Interspinales muscle)가시돌기(spinous process )
가시돌기(spinous process )
posterior rami of spinal nerves Extension , flexion and rotation of vertebral column.
가로돌기사이근육 (Intertransversarii muscle)가로돌기(transverse process )
transverse process above
anterior rami of spinal nerves Lateral flexion of trunk
널판근 (Splenius muscles)
머리널판근 (Splenius capitis muscle)ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7 -T6
Mastoid process of temporal and occipital bone
C3 , C4 Extend, rotate, and laterally flex the head
목널판근 (Splenius cervicis muscle)spinous processes of T3 -T6 transverse processes of C1 , C2 , C3 C5 , C6
근육
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
대항근
갈비사이근 (Intercostal muscles)ribs 1-11
ribs 2-12
intercostal arteries intercostal nerves
바깥갈비사이근 (External intercostal muscles)intercostal arteries intercostal nerves Inhalation 속갈비사이근 (Internal intercostal muscles)
속갈비사이근 (Internal intercostal muscles)rib - inferior borderrib - superior borderintercostal arteries intercostal nerves hold ribs steady
바깥갈비사이근 (External intercostal muscles)
맨속갈비사이근 (Innermost intercostal muscle)intercostal arteries intercostal nerves Elevate ribs
갈비밑근 (Subcostales muscle)inner surface of one rib
inner surface of the second or third rib above, near its angle
intercostal nerves
가슴가로근 (Transversus thoracis muscle)costal cartilages of last 3-4 ribs, body of sternum, xiphoid processribs /costal cartilages 2-6intercostal arteries intercostal nerves depresses ribs
갈비올림근 (Levatores costarum muscle)transverse processes of C7 to T12 vertebraesuperior surfaces of the ribs immediately inferior to the preceding vertebrae
dorsal rami - C8 , T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 , T5 , T6 , T7 , T8 , T9 , T10 , T11 Assists in elevation of the thoracic rib cage
뒤톱니근(Serratus posterior muscles)
아래뒤톱니근 (Serratus posterior inferior muscle)척추뼈 T11~L3(vertebrae T11 - L3 )the inferior borders of the 9th through 12th ribs
intercostal arteries intercostal nerves depress the lower ribs, aiding in expiration
위뒤톱니근 (Serratus posterior superior muscle)목덜미인대(nuchal ligament or ligamentum nuchae), 척추뼈 C7에서 T3번의 가시돌기(the spinous processes of the vertebrae C7 through T3)
the upper borders of the 2nd through 5th ribs
intercostal arteries 2nd through 5th intercostal nerves
elevate the ribs which aids in inspiration
가로막 (횡격막 Diaphragm)pericardiacophrenic artery , musculophrenic artery , inferior phrenic arteries phrenic and lower intercostal nerves respiration
근육
이는곳(Origin)
닿는곳(Insertion)
동맥(Artery)
신경(Nerve)
Action
대항근
배가로근 (Transversus abdominis muscle)ribs and the iliac crest inserts into the pubic tubercle via the conjoint tendon, also known as the falx inguinalis
intercostal nerves T7 , T8 , T9 , T10 , T11 , subcostal nerve (T12 ), iliohypogastric nerve , ilioinguinal nerve , genitofemoral nerve compress the ribs and viscera, providing thoracic and pelvic stability
배곧은근 (복직근, Rectus abdominis muscle)두덩뼈(pubis )
5~7번 갈비뼈의 갈비연골(costal cartilages of ribs 5-7), 복장뼈의 칼돌기(xiphoid process of sternum )
inferior epigastric artery segmentally by thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7 , T8 , T9 , T10 , T11 , T12 )
flexion of trunk /lumbar vertebrae 척주세움근 (erector spinae muscle)
배세모근 (Pyramidalis muscle)두덩결합(pubic symphysis ), 두덩뼈능선(pubic crest )
백선(linea alba )
subcostal nerve (T12 )tensing the linea alba
고환올림근 (Cremaster muscle)고샅인대 (inguinal ligament )cremasteric artery 음부넙다리신경의 음부가지(genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
raise and lower the scrotum )
허리네모근 (Quadratus lumborum muscle)iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae lumbar arteries , iliolumbar artery anterior branches of T12 , L1 , L2 , L3 , L4
Alone, lateral flexion of vertebral column ; Together, depression of thoracic rib cage
빗근(Oblique muscles)
배바깥빗근 (External abdominal oblique muscle)Lower 8 costae
Crista iliaca , ligamentum inguinale intercostal nerves T5 , T6 , T7갈비밑신경(T7 ), T8 , T9 , T10 , T11 , subcostal nerve (T12 )Rotates torso
배속빗근 (Internal abdominal oblique muscle)inguinal ligament , iliac crest and the lumbodorsal fascia linea alba , xiphoid process and the inferior ribs.intercostal nerves T8 , T9 , T10 , T11 , subcostal nerve (T12 ), iliohypogastric nerve , ilioinguinal nerve Compresses abdomen and rotates vertebral column.
근육
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
대항근
등세모근 (승모근 , Trapezius muscle)down the midline, from the external occipital protuberance , the nuchal ligament , the medial part of the superior nuchal line , and the spinous processes of the vertebrae C7-T12
at the shoulders, into the lateral third of the 빗장뼈 (clavicle), the acromion process and into the spine of the scapula
transverse cervical artery major nerve supply is the cranial nerve XI . cervical nerves C3 and C4 receive information about pain in this muscle
retraction and elevation of 어깨뼈 (scapula).앞톱니근 (전거근 , Serratus anterior muscle)
넓은등근 (광배근 , 활배근 , Latissimus dorsi muscle)spinous processes of thoracic T6 -T12 , thoracolumbar fascia , iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs
floor of intertubercular groove of the 위팔뼈 (humerus)
subscapular artery , dorsal scapular artery thoracodorsal nerve pulls the forelimb dorsally and caudally
어깨세모근 (삼각근 , Deltoid muscle), 등세모근 (승모근 , Trapezius muscle)
마름근 (능형근 , rhomboid muscle)nuchal ligaments , spinous processes of C7-T5 vertebrae medial border of the scapula dorsal scapular artery dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5 )Retracts the 어깨뼈 (scapula) and rotates it to depress the 접시오목 (glenoid cavity). fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall .앞톱니근 (전거근 , Serratus anterior muscle)
큰마름근 (rhomboid major muscle)spinous processes of the T2 to T5 vertebraemedial border of the scapula , inferior to the insertion of rhomboid minor muscle dorsal scapular artery dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5 )Retracts the 어깨뼈 (scapula) and rotates it to depress the 접시오목 (glenoid cavity). It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall .앞톱니근 (전거근 , Serratus anterior muscle)
작은마름근 (rhomboid minor muscle)nuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7- to T1 vertebrae medial border of the scapula , superior to the insertion of rhomboid major muscle dorsal scapular artery dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5 )Retracts the 어깨뼈 (scapula) and rotates it to depress the 접시오목 (glenoid cavity). It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall .앞톱니근 (전거근 , Serratus anterior muscle)
어깨올림근 (견갑거근 , levator scapulae muscle)posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebraesuperior part of medial border of scapula
dorsal scapular artery cervical nerve (C3 , C4 ) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5 )Elevates 어깨뼈 (scapula) and tilts its 접시오목 (glenoid cavity) inferiorly by rotating scapula
근육
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
대항근
큰가슴근 (대흉근 , pectoralis major muscle)anterior surface of the medial half of the 빗장뼈 (clavicle).Sternocostal head : anterior surface of the sternum , the superior six costal cartilages
intertubercular groove of the 위팔뼈 (humerus)pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk lateral pectoral nerve and medial pectoral nerve Clavicular head : C5 and C6 Sternocostal head : C7 , C8 and T1 Clavicular head : flexes the 위팔뼈 (humerus)Sternocostal head : extends the humerusadducts and medially rotates the 위팔뼈 (humerus). It also draws the 어깨뼈 (scapula) anteriorly and inferiorly.
작은가슴근 (소흉근 , pectoralis minor muscle)3rd to 5th ribs , near their costal cartilages
medial border and superior surface of the 어깨뼈 (scapula)의 부리돌기 (오훼돌기 , coracoid process)
Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk Medial pectoral nerves (C8 , T1 )stabilizes the 어깨뼈 (scapula) by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall
빗장밑근 (subclavius muscle)first rib subclavian groove of 빗장뼈 (clavicle)thoracoacromial artery , clavicular branchnerve to subclavius Depresses the 빗장뼈 (clavicle)
앞톱니근 (전거근 , Serratus anterior muscle)fleshy slips from the outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs
costal aspect of medial margin of the scapula lateral thoracic artery (upper part), thoracodorsal artery (lower part)long thoracic nerve (from roots of brachial plexus C5 , C6 , C7 )protract and stabilize 어깨뼈 (scapula), assists in upward rotation큰마름근 (Rhomboid major muscle), 작은마름근 (Rhomboid minor muscle), 등세모근 (승모근 , Trapezius muscle)
근육
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
대항근
어깨세모근 (삼각근 , Deltoid muscle)빗장뼈 (clavicle), acromion , spine of the scapula deltoid tuberosity of 위팔뼈 (humerus)primarily posterior circumflex humeral artery
Axillary nerve shoulder abduction , flexion and extension 넓은등근 (광배근 , 활배근 , Latissimus dorsi muscle)
큰원근 (대원근teres major muscle)posterior aspect of the inferior angle of the 어깨뼈 (scapula)
medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the 위팔뼈 (humerus)
Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteriesLower subscapular nerve (segmental levels C5 and C6 )Internal rotation of the 위팔뼈 (humerus)
돌림근띠 (회전근개 , Rotator cuff)
가시위근 (극상근supraspinatus muscle)supraspinous fossa of 어깨뼈 (scapula)superior facet of greater tubercle of 위팔뼈 (humerus)
suprascapular artery suprascapular nerve abduction of arm and stabilizes 위팔뼈 (humerus)가시아래근 (극하근infraspinatus muscle), 작은원근 (소원근 , teres minor muscle), 큰가슴근 (대흉근 , pectoralis major muscle), 그리고 넓은등근 (latissimus dorsi muscle)
가시아래근 (극하근infraspinatus muscle)infraspinous fossa of the 어깨뼈 (scapula)middle facet of greater tubercle of the 위팔뼈 (humerus)
suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries suprascapular nerve Lateral rotation of arm & Adduction of arm and stabilizes 위팔뼈 (humerus)어깨밑근 (subscapularis muscle), 큰가슴근 (대흉근 , pectoralis major muscle), 그리고 넓은등근 (광배근 , 활배근 , Latissimus dorsi muscle)
작은원근 (소원근, teres minor muscle)lateral border of the 어깨뼈 (scapula)inferior facet of greater tubercle of the 위팔뼈 (humerus)
posterior circumflex humeral artery and the circumflex scapular artery axillary nerve laterally rotates and adducts the arm어깨밑근 )subscapularis muscle), 큰가슴근 (대흉근 , pectoralis major muscle), 그리고 넓은등근 (광배근 , 활배근 , Latissimus dorsi muscle)
어깨밑근 (subscapularis muscle)subscapular fossa lesser tubercle of 위팔뼈 (humerus)subscapular artery upper subscapular nerve , lower subscapular nerve (C5 , C6 )rotates medially 위팔뼈 (humerus); stabilizes shoulder 가시아래근 (infraspinatus muscle)와 작은원근 (teres minor muscle)
근육
이는곳(Origin)
닿는곳(Insertion)
동맥
신경
동작
대항근
부리위팔근 (coracobrachialis muscle)어깨뼈 (scapula)의 부리돌기 (오훼돌기 , coracoid process)위팔뼈 (humerus) 중간(medial)위팔동맥 (brachial artery)근육피부신경 (musculocutaneous nerve)어깨관절 (shoulder joint)에서의 구부리기 (flexion)
위팔두갈래근 (상완이두근 , biceps brachii muscle)짧은갈래(short head): 어깨뼈 (scapula)의 부리돌기 (오훼돌기 , coracoid process).긴갈래(long head): 오목위결절 (supraglenoid tubercle)노뼈거친면 (radial tuberosity)위팔동맥 (brachial artery)근육피부신경 (Musculocutaneous nerve)의 가쪽다발 (Lateral cord): 다섯째 목신경 (cervical spinal nerve 5, C5), 여섯째 목신경 (cervical spinal nerve 6, C6), 일곱째 목신경 (cervical spinal nerve 7, C7))팔꿈치관절 (Elbow-joint)을 구부리고 (flex), 아래팔 (forearm)을 뒤친다. (supinate)위팔세갈래근 (Triceps brachii muscle)
위팔근 (brachialis muscle)위팔뼈 (humerus)의 앞쪽면, 부분적으로는 이 뼈의 먼 반쪽(distal half)자뼈 (ulna)의 갈고리돌기 (coronoid process)와 자뼈거친면 (tuberosity of the ulna)노쪽되돌이동맥 (radial recurrent artery)근육피부신경 (musculocutaneous nerve)팔꿈치관절 (elbow joint)에서의 구부리기 (flexion)
근육
이는곳(Origin)
닿는곳(Insertion)
동맥
신경
Action
대항근
위팔세갈래근 (상완삼두근 , triceps brachii muscle)긴갈래(long head): 어깨뼈 (scapula)의 오목아래결절 (Infraglenoid tubercle)가쪽갈래(lateral head): 위팔뼈 뒤쪽 - 노신경고랑(요골신경구, radial groove) 위안쪽갈래(medial head): 위팔뼈 뒤-노신경고랑(radial groove) 아래자뼈 (ulna)의 팔꿈치머리 (olecranon) 돌기(process)깊은위팔동맥 (Deep brachial artery, Profunda brachii artery)노신경 (radial nerve)아래팔 (forearm) 펴기 (extension), 긴갈래(long head; caput longum)의 어깨 (shoulder) 모으기 (adduct)위팔두갈래근 (Biceps brachii muscle)
팔꿈치근 (anconeus muscle)위팔뼈의 가쪽위관절융기 (Lateral epicondyle of the humerus)팔꿈치머리 (olecranon) 돌기의 가쪽과 자뼈 (ulna) 뒷면의 위쪽깊은위팔동맥 (Deep brachial artery, Profunda brachii artery), 되돌이뼈사이동맥 (recurrent interosseous artery)노신경 (radial nerve: 일곱째 목신경 (cervical spinal nerve 7, C7), 여덟째 목신경 (cervical spinal nerve 8, C8), 첫째 가슴신경 (thoracic spinal nerve 1, T1))partly blended in with the 위팔세갈래근 (triceps), which it assists in extension of the forearm . Stabilises the elbow and abducts the ulna during pronation .
근육
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
대항근
손뒤침근 (supinator muscle)Lateral epicondyle of the humerus , supinator crest of 자뼈 (ulna), radial collateral ligament , annular ligament Lateral proximal radial shaft
radial recurrent artery posterior interosseus nerve (C7 , C8 )supinates forearm 원엎침근 (Pronator teres muscle), 네모엎침근 (Pronator quadratus muscle]]
집게폄근 (extensor indicis muscle)자뼈 (ulna)index finger (extensor hood )posterior interosseous nerve (C7 , C8 )extends index finger , wrist
해부코담배갑 (Anatomical snuffbox)
긴엄지벌림근 (abductor pollicis longus muscle)자뼈 (ulna), radial styloid process first metacarpal posterior interosseous nerve (C7 , C8 )abduction , extension of thumb 엄지모음근 (Adductor pollicis muscle)
짧은엄지폄근 (extensor pollicis brevis muscle)노뼈 (radius)thumb , proximal phalanx posterior interosseous artery posterior interosseous nerve (C7 , C8 )extension of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint 긴엄지굽힘근 (Flexor pollicis longus muscle), 짧은엄지굽힘근 (Flexor pollicis brevis muscle)
긴엄지폄근 (extensor pollicis longus muscle)자뼈 (ulna)thumb , distal phalanx posterior interosseous nerve (C7 , C8 )extension of the thumb (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal )긴엄지굽힘근 (Flexor pollicis longus muscle), 짧은엄지굽힘근 (Flexor pollicis brevis muscle)
근육
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
대항근
엉덩허리근 (iliopsoas muscle)iliac fossa (iliacus ), 엉치뼈 (sacrum) (iliacus), spine (T12 , L1 , lumbar vertebrapsoas major , psoas minor )[ 2] 넙다리뼈 (femur)—lesser trochanter (psoas major/minor), shaft below lesser trochanter (iliacus), tendon of psoas major & femur (iliacus)[ 2] medial femoral circumflex artery , iliolumbar artery femoral nerve , Lumbar nerves L1 , L2 flexion of hip (psoas major/minor, iliacus), spine rotation (psoas major/minor)큰볼기근 (Gluteus maximus muscle), 넓적다리의 뒷부분 (posterior compartment of thigh)
큰허리근 (Psoas major muscle)transverse processes, bodies and discs of T12-L5
in the lesser trochanter of the 넙다리뼈 (femur)
Iliolumbar artery Lumbar plexus via anterior branches of L1 , L2 , L3 [ 3] flexes and rotates laterally thigh 큰볼기근 (Gluteus maximus muscle)
작은허리근 (Psoas minor muscle)Side of T12 +L1 and IV Disc between
Pectineal line and iliopectineal eminence L1 Weak trunk flexor
큰볼기근 (Gluteus maximus muscle)
엉덩근 (iliacus muscle)엉덩뼈오목 (iliac fossa)lesser trochanter of 넙다리뼈 (femur)medial femoral circumflex artery , Iliolumbar artery femoral nerve (L2 , L3 [ 3] flexes hip[ 4]
큰볼기뼈 (Gluteus maximus muscle)
근육
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
대항근
넙다리근막긴장근 (tensor fasciae latae muscle)iliac crest iliotibial tract primarily lateral circumflex femoral artery , Superior gluteal artery
Superior gluteal nerve (L4 , L5 )Thigh - flexion , medial rotation . Trunk stabilization.
볼기근 (Gluteal muscles)
큰볼기근 (gluteus maximus muscle)Gluteal surface of ilium , lumbar fascia , 엉치뼈 (sacrum), sacrotuberous ligament
Gluteal tuberosity of the 넙다리뼈 (femur), iliotibial tract superior and inferior gluteal arteries inferior gluteal nerve (L5 , S1 , S2 nerve roots)external rotation and extension of the hip joint , supports the extended knee through the iliotibial tract , chief antigravity muscle in sitting 엉덩근 (Iliacus muscle), 큰허리근 (Psoas major muscle), 작은허리근 (Psoas minor muscle)
중간볼기근 (gluteus medius muscle)Gluteal surface of ilium , under gluteus maximus
Greater trochanter of the 넙다리뼈 (femur)superior gluteal artery superior gluteal nerve (L4 , L5 , S1 nerve roots)abduction of the hip ; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh .가쪽돌림근집단 (lateral rotator group)
작은볼기근 (gluteus minimus muscle)Gluteal surface of ilium , under gluteus medius .
Greater trochanter of the 넙다리뼈 (femur)superior gluteal artery superior gluteal nerve (L4 , L5 , S1 nerve roots)Works in concert with gluteus medius: abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh.
가쪽돌림근집단 (lateral rotator group)
가쪽돌림근집단 (lateral rotator group)at or below the acetabulum of the ilium
on or near the greater trochanter of the 넙다리뼈 (femur)
Inferior gluteal artery , Lateral sacral artery , Superior gluteal artery Obturator nerve , nerve to the Piriformis , nerve to quadratus femoris lateral rotation of hip작은볼기근 (Gluteus minimus muscle), 중간볼기근 (Gluteus medius muscle)
궁둥구멍근 (piriformis muscle)엉치뼈 (sacrum)greater trochanter Inferior gluteal artery , Lateral sacral artery , Superior gluteal artery nerve to the Piriformis (S1 and S2 nerve roots)[ 5] laterally rotate (outward) the thigh
바깥폐쇄근 (obturator externus muscle)obturator foramen and obturatory membrane medial aspect of greater trochanter of 넙다리뼈 (femur)
obturator artery posterior branch of obturator nerve (L3 , L4 )adduct thigh , rotate laterally thigh
속폐쇄근 (obturator internus muscle)Ischiopubic ramus & obturator membrane medial aspect of the Greater trochanter
Nerve to obturator internus (L5 , S1 , S2 )Abducts & rotates laterally thigh , and stabiliser of the hip during walking
아래쌍동근 (inferior gemellus muscle)Ischial tuberosity Obturator internus tendonNerve to Quadratus femoris (L4 , L5 , S1 )Rotates laterally thigh
위쌍동근 (superior gemellus muscle)spine of the ischium Obturator internus tendonNerve to obturator internus (L5 , S1 , S2 )Rotates laterally thigh
넙다리네모근 (대퇴방형근 , quadratus femoris muscle)ischial tuberosity intertrochanteric crest inferior gluteal artery nerve to quadratus femoris (L4 , L5 , -S1 )lateral rotation of thigh
넙다리뒤근육 (hamstring, 슬와근, 오금)
근육
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
대항근
넙다리두갈래근 (대퇴이두근 , biceps femoris muscle)긴갈래(long head): 궁둥뼈결절 (Ischial tuberosity, tuberosity of the ischium), 짧은갈래(short head): 넙다리뼈 (femur)의 거친선 (linea aspera)[ 6]
정강뼈의 가쪽관절융기 (Lateral condyle of tibia)의 뒷면과 관절로 연결된 종아리뼈머리 (head of the fibula)[ 6] 아래볼기동맥 (inferior gluteal artery), 관통동맥 (perforating arteries), 오금동맥 (popliteal artery)긴갈래(long head): 궁둥신경 (sciatic nerve)의 안쪽 (정강뼈 쪽) 부분, 짧은갈래(short head): 궁둥신경 (sciatic nerve)의 가쪽 (종아리뼈 쪽(common fibular)) 부분([ 6]
무릎관절 (knee joint) 구부리기 (flexion), 무릎이 구부러져 있을 때 무릎의 다리를 바깥쪽으로 회전하기 (lateral rotation), 엉덩관절 (hip joint) 펴기 (Extension)(긴갈래만)[ 6] 넙다리네모근 (대퇴사두근 , Quadriceps femoris muscle)
반힘줄근 (semitendinosus muscle)tuberosity of the ischium[ 6]
pes anserinus inferior gluteal artery , perforating arteries sciatic [ 6] tibial , L5 , S1 , S2 )flexes knee, extends hip joint, medially rotates leg at knee[ 6]
넙다리네모근 (Quadriceps femoris muscle)
반막근 (semimembranosus muscle)tuberosity of the ischium[ 6]
Medial surface of 정강뼈 (tibia)[ 6]
profunda femoris , gluteal artery sciatic nerve [ 6] flexes knee, extends hip joint, medially rotates leg at knee[ 6]
넙다리네모근 (Quadriceps femoris muscle)
근육
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
대항근
장딴지세갈래근 (하퇴삼두근 , triceps surae muscle)발꿈치힘줄 (Calcaneal tendon, Achilles tendon), 발꿈치뼈 (calcaneus)뒤정강동맥 (posterior tibial artery)정강신경 (tibial nerve)발을 곧게 펴기 (plantarflexion)
장딴지근 (gastrocnemius muscle)medial and Lateral condyle of the femurcalcaneus sural arteries tibial nerve from the sciatic , specifically, nerve roots S1 , S2 plantarflexion , flexion of knee (minor)앞정강근 (Tibialis anterior muscle)
가자미근 (soleus muscle)종아리뼈 (fibula), medial border of 정강뼈 (tibia) (soleal line )tendo calcaneus sural arteries tibial nerve , specifically, nerve roots L5 –S2 plantarflexion 앞정강근 (tibialis anterior muscle)
장딴지빗근 (plantaris muscle)lateral supracondylar ridge of 넙다리뼈 (femur) above lateral head of gastrocnemius
tendo calcaneus (medial side, deep to gastrocnemius tendon)sural arteries tibial nerve Plantar flexes foot and flexes knee 앞정강근 (Tibialis anterior muscle)
종아리근 (fibularis muscles):
근육
Origin
Insertion
Artery
Nerve
Action
대항근
발바닥네모근 (quadratus plantae muscle)발꿈치뼈 (Calcaneus_Tendons of Flexor Digitorum Longus
lateral plantar nerve (S1 , S2 )Assists Flexor Digitorum Longus in flexion of DIP joints
벌레근 (Lumbrical muscle)tendons of flexor digitorum longus
medial aspect of extensor expansion of proximal phalanges of lateral four digits
lateral plantar artery and plantar arch, and four plantar metatarsal arteries
lateral plantar nerve (lateral three lumbricals) and medial plantar nerve (first lumbrical)maintain extension of digits at interphalangeal joints
Mind Map showing a summary of Upper Limb Muscle Innervation
