쌀먹

쌀먹(Gold farming)[1]이란 대규모 다중 사용자 온라인 게임(MMO)을 플레이해 게임 내 화폐를 획득하고 이를 나중에 실제 돈으로 판매해 거래하며 돈을 버는 행위를 통틀어 가리킨다.[2][3][4] 상업적, 집단적으로 이런 쌀먹하는 행위를 한국어로 통상 작업장이나 오토라고 부르기도 한다.

쌀먹은 레벨이나 경험치가 아닌 게임 내 재화 수확만을 목표로 활동하는 것을 의미하므로 보통의 멀티 온라인 게임에서 보이는 경험치 파밍이나 레벨업 집중(Power-leveling)과는 구별된다. 하지만 이런 육성 관행들은 실제 노동하는 매커니즘이 비슷할 수 있으며 실제로 여러 게임에서 쌀먹으로 일하는 사람들이 경험치 파밍으로도 일하기도 한다.

대부분의 게임 운영자는 게임 내 재화를 실제 현금으로 판매하는 행위를 금지하고 있지만,[2] 경제적 불평등과 게임 내 재화를 얻는 데 많은 시간이 소모된다는 점 때문에 쌀먹의 수익성이 높다고 계산된다.[5] 게임 플레이 시간을 절약하러는 선진국의 부유한 게이머가 개발도상국의 쌀먹 게이머에게 돈을 지불해서 게임 내 재화를 구매한다.[6] 쌀먹은 신용 카드 사기와도 관련이 있는데 쌀먹에 사용된 게임 계정이 도난 당한 신용 카드로 결제되는 경우가 많다.[7][8]

영어로 "골드 파밍"이라는 용어는 원래의 의미 외에도 일부 부분유료화 게임에서 사용자가 수수료를 내지 않고 플레이할 수 있도록 하는 대기 시간이나 광고 시간 등을 설명하는 데도 사용된다.[9]

역사

1990년대 후반 개인 수공업으로 시작된 쌀먹은 2000년대 들어 대규모 다중 사용자 온라인 게임의 인기가 높아지면서 점점 상업화되었다.[10]

과거에는 사용자가 이베이와 페이팔을 이용해 울티마 온라인[11]과 리니지[12]에서 개별적으로 아이템이나 게임 내 골드 등을 판매해 실제 돈으로 바꿨으나 현대의 상업화된 쌀먹은 대한민국에서 시작되었을 가능성이 높다. 2001년 멘체스터 대학의 보고서에 따르면 한국의 인터넷 카페가 국내 수요를 충족하기 위해 일명 "작업장"이 되었다고 지적했다.[12] 인터넷 카페에서 장시간 근무하는 풀타임 쌀먹 사용자가 활동하는 이 모델은 중국에 아웃소싱되어 한국 게이머의 수요를 충족했다.[6] 그러다 중국의 작업장 사업은 2004년 경부터 급격히 성장하기 시작했다.[12] 내륙 지방의 값싼 노동력이 대도시로 밀려들었고 도시로 온 전직 농부들은 쌀먹 작업장에 투입되어 활동하기 시작했다.[13] 2011년 《가디언》지는 일부 중국 재교육 수용소의 수감자가 교도소 이익충족을 위해 작업장에 강제로 일하고 있는 상태라고 보도했다.[14]

같이 보기

각주

  1. ↑ 문동열 (2024년 10월 6일). “‘쌀먹’ ‘가챠’로 망가지는 ‘게임 왕국’ 대한민국”. 한겨례신문. 2024년 10월 29일에 확인함. 
  2. ↑ 가 나 The business end of playing games bbc.com, Wednesday, 25 April 2007, 14:55 GMT
  3. ↑ Heeks (2008). p. 2.
  4. ↑ For Chinese gold farmers, see Davis, Rowenna (2009년 3월 5일). “Welcome to the new gold mines”. 《The Guardian》 (London). 2010년 5월 3일에 확인함. 
  5. ↑ China's full-time computer gamers bbc.com, Friday, 13 October 2006, 19:20 GMT
  6. ↑ 가 나 Ogre to Slay? Outsource It to Chinese nytimes.com, December 9, 2005
  7. ↑ Ryan, Nick (2009년 4월 9일). “Gold Trading Exposed: The Developers”. 《Eurogamer》. 2023년 10월 19일에 확인함. 
  8. ↑ Purchese, Robert (2015년 4월 29일). “World of Warcraft and the battle against black market gold”. 《Eurogamer》. 2022년 10월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2023년 10월 19일에 확인함. 
  9. ↑ Myers, Maddy (2015년 7월 9일). “Gold-farming in Heroes of the Storm is My New Part-Time Job”. 《pastemagazine.com》. Paste Media Group. 2016년 4월 13일에 확인함. 
  10. ↑ Gold Trading Exposed: Introduction eurogamer.net, 19 March 2009
  11. ↑ Heeks (2008). p. 4.
  12. ↑ 가 나 다 Heeks (2008). p. 5.
  13. ↑ Dyer-Witheford, Nick (2009). 《Games of Empire: Global Capitalism and Video Games》. University of Minnesota Press. 133쪽. 
  14. ↑ Vincent, Danny (2011년 5월 25일). “China used prisoners in lucrative internet gaming work”. 《The Guardian》. 2011년 5월 25일에 확인함. 

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