과탄산소다

과탄산소다
이름
IUPAC 이름
sodium carbonate—hydrogen peroxide (2/3)
별칭
sodium carbonate sesquiperhydrate, PCS, SPC, solid hydrogen peroxide, Sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide, sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate
식별자
3D 모델 (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.036.082
EC 번호
  • 239-707-6
RTECS 번호
  • FG0750000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/CH2O4.Na/c2-1(3)5-4;/h4H,(H,2,3);/q;+1/p-1 예
    Key: MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 예
  • InChI=1S/CH2O4.Na/c2-1(3)5-4;/h4H,(H,2,3);/q;+1/p-1
    Key: MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-REWHXWOFAO
  • Key: MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
  • [Na+].[O-]C(=O)OO
성질
Na2CO3·1.5 H2O2
몰 질량 156.982 g/mol
겉보기 white solid
150 g/l
위험
주요 위험 Irritant, Oxidizer
인화점 Non-flammable
관련 화합물
다른 음이온
Sodium carbonate
Sodium bicarbonate
다른 양이온
Calcium percarbonate
Magnesium percarbonate
관련 화합물
Sodium perborate
Sodium persulfate
Sodium perphosphate
달리 명시된 경우를 제외하면, 표준상태(25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa)에서 물질의 정보가 제공됨.
아니오아니오 확인 (관련 정보 예아니오아니오 ?)

과탄산 소듐(영어: sodium percarbonate) 혹은 과탄산소다화학 물질로, 탄산 소듐(sodium carbonate)과 과산화 수소(hydrogen peroxide)의 부가생성물이며, 분자식은 2 Na2CO3 · 3 H2O2이다. 과탄산소다는 흡습성의 무색 결정이며, 물에 녹는 고체이다.[1] 과탄산소다는 일부 친환경 세탁 제품에 포함되어 있으며, 실험실에서 무수 과산화 수소를 제조하는 데에도 사용된다.

과탄산소다 고체의 결정 구조는 실온에서 사방정계인 Cmce 공간군에 속하지만, 이 구조는 영하 30 °C 이하로 내려갈 때 Pbca 구조로 바뀌게 된다.[2]

생산

과탄산소다는 산업적으로 탄산 소듐과 과산화 수소를 반응시킨 다음 결정화시켜서 생산된다. 건조 탄산 소듐을 진한 과산화 수소 용액과 직접 반응시키기도 한다. 실험실에서 pH[3] 혹은 농도[2]를 적절히 조절하여 만들 수도 있다.

사용

산화제인 과탄산소다는 집이나 세탁소에서 세제나 표백제로 사용되는데, 산소계 표백제의 경우 거의 대다수가 과탄산소다를 사용한다. 과탄산소다는 물에 녹으면 과산화 수소(결국 물과 산소로 분해됨)와 탄산 소듐("소다회")으로 분해된다.[1]

2 Na2CO3 · 3 H2O2 → 2 Na2CO3 + 3 H2O2

과탄산소다는 여러 제품에서 탄산 소듐과 혼합되어 이용된다. 과탄산소다는 유기합성에도 사용되는데, 편리한 무수 과산화 수소의 원료가 된다. 특히 탄산 이온을 용해시키지는 않지만 H2O2를 끌어낼 수 있는 용매를 사용한다.[4]

참고 문헌

  1. Craig W. Jones (1999). 《Applications of hydrogen peroxide and its derivatives》. Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85404-536-8. 
  2. R. G. Pritchard & E. Islam (2003). “Sodium percarbonate between 293 and 100 K”. 《Acta Crystallographica Section BB59 (5): 596–605. doi:10.1107/S0108768103012291. 
  3. J. M. Adams & R. G. Pritchard (1977). “The crystal structure of sodium percarbonate: an unusual layered solid”. 《Acta Crystallographica Section BB33 (12): 3650–3653. doi:10.1107/S0567740877011790. 
  4. McKillop, A (1995). “Sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate: Cheap, safe and versatile oxidising agents for organic synthesis”. 《Tetrahedron》 51 (22): 6145. doi:10.1016/0040-4020(95)00304-Q. 

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