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ASCII

ASCII
ASCII (1967년 및 그 이후)
MIME / IANAus-ascii
다른 이름ISO-IR-006[1]
언어영어
분류ISO 646 시리즈
확장 버전
이전 인코딩ITA 2, FIELDATA
다음 인코딩ISO 8859, 유니코드
그 밖의 관련 인코딩PETSCII
1972 프린터 사용 설명서에 개시된 아스키 코드 차트표

미국정보교환표준부호(영어: American Standard Code for Information Interchange), 또는 줄여서 ASCII( /ˈæski/, 아스키)는 영문 알파벳을 사용하는 대표적인 문자 인코딩이다. 아스키는 컴퓨터와 통신 장비를 비롯한 문자를 사용하는 많은 장치에서 사용되며, 대부분의 문자 인코딩이 아스키에 기초를 두고 있다.

아스키는 7비트 인코딩으로, 33개의 출력 불가능한 제어 문자들과 공백을 비롯한 95개의 출력 가능한 문자들로 총128개로 이루어진다. 제어 문자들은 역사적인 이유로 남아 있으며 대부분은 더 이상 사용되지 않는다. 출력 가능한 문자들은 52개의 영문 알파벳 대소문자와, 10개의 숫자, 32개의 특수 문자, 그리고 하나의 공백 문자로 이루어진다.

아스키가 널리 사용되면서 다양한 아스키 기반의 확장 인코딩들이 등장했으며, 이들을 묶어서 아스키라고 부르기도 한다. 대표적으로 7비트 인코딩을 유지한 ISO/IEC 646과, 원래 아스키 코드 앞에 비트 0을 넣어 8비트 인코딩을 만든 IBM 코드 페이지ISO 8859가 있다. 이 인코딩들은 언어군에 따라 같은 숫자에 서로 다른 문자가 배당된 경우가 많다.

역사

아스키 코드는 지금의 미국 국가표준 협회(ANSI)의 전신인 미국 표준 협회(ASA)가 주도한 X3 위원회가 개발했다. 그 아래의 X3.2 소위원회는 1960년 10월 6일 아스키 표준화 작업을 시작하여, 1963년 표준화 초판을 발간했고,[2][3] 1967년 개정했으며,[4][5] 가장 최근의 업데이트는 1986년에 있었다.[6]

제어 문자표

제어할 때 쓰는 코드이다. 아직도 Serial 통신(RS-232, UART, USART...)이 적용된 곳에는 많이 사용되고 있다.

이진법 팔진법 십진법 십육진법 약자 설명 한국어 설명
000 0000 000 0 00 NUL Null Character NULL
000 0001 001 1 01 SOH Start of Header 헤더 시작
000 0010 002 2 02 STX Start of Text 본문 시작, 헤더 종료
000 0011 003 3 03 ETX End of Text 본문 종료
000 0100 004 4 04 EOT End of Transmission 전송 종료, 데이터 링크 초기화
000 0101 005 5 05 ENQ Enquiry 응답 요구
000 0110 006 6 06 ACK Acknowledgment 긍정응답
000 0111 007 7 07 BEL Bell 경고음
000 1000 010 8 08 BS Backspace 백스페이스
000 1001 011 9 09 HT Horizontal Tab 수평 탭
000 1010 012 10 0A LF Line feed 개행
000 1011 013 11 0B VT Vertical Tab 수직 탭
000 1100 014 12 0C FF Form feed 다음 페이지
000 1101 015 13 0D CR Carriage return 복귀
000 1110 016 14 0E SO Shift Out 확장문자 시작
000 1111 017 15 0F SI Shift In 확장문자 종료
001 0000 020 16 10 DLE Data Link Escape 전송 제어 확장
001 0001 021 17 11 DC1 Device Control 1 장치 제어 1
001 0010 022 18 12 DC2 Device Control 2 장치 제어 2
001 0011 023 19 13 DC3 Device Control 3 장치 제어 3
001 0100 024 20 14 DC4 Device Control 4 장치 제어 4
001 0101 025 21 15 NAK Negative Acknowledgement 부정응답
001 0110 026 22 16 SYN Synchronous idle 동기
001 0111 027 23 17 ETB End of Transmission Block 전송블록 종료
001 1000 030 24 18 CAN Cancel 무시
001 1001 031 25 19 EM End of Medium 매체 종료
001 1010 032 26 1A SUB Substitute 치환
001 1011 033 27 1B ESC Escape 제어기능 추가
001 1100 034 28 1C FS File Separator 파일경계 할당
001 1101 035 29 1D GS Group Separator 레코드 그룹경계 할당
001 1110 036 30 1E RS Record Separator 레코드 경계 할당
001 1111 037 31 1F US Unit Separator 장치 경계 할당
111 1111 177 127 7F DEL Delete 삭제

출력 가능 아스키 문자표

이진법 팔진법 십진법 십육진법 모양 85진법 (아스키 85)
0100000 040 32 20
0100001 041 33 21 ! 0
0100010 042 34 22 " 1
0100011 043 35 23 # 2
0100100 044 36 24 $ 3
0100101 045 37 25 % 4
0100110 046 38 26 & 5
0100111 047 39 27 ' 6
0101000 050 40 28 ( 7
0101001 051 41 29 ) 8
0101010 052 42 2A * 9
0101011 053 43 2B + 10
0101100 054 44 2C , 11
0101101 055 45 2D - 12
0101110 056 46 2E . 13
0101111 057 47 2F / 14
0110000 060 48 30 0 15
0110001 061 49 31 1 16
0110010 062 50 32 2 17
0110011 063 51 33 3 18
0110100 064 52 34 4 19
0110101 065 53 35 5 20
0110110 066 54 36 6 21
0110111 067 55 37 7 22
0111000 070 56 38 8 23
0111001 071 57 39 9 24
0111010 072 58 3A : 25
0111011 073 59 3B ; 26
0111100 074 60 3C < 27
0111101 075 61 3D = 28
0111110 076 62 3E > 29
0111111 077 63 3F ? 30
이진법 팔진법 십진법 십육진법 모양 85진법 (아스키 85)
1000000 100 64 40 @ 31
1000001 101 65 41 A 32
1000010 102 66 42 B 33
1000011 103 67 43 C 34
1000100 104 68 44 D 35
1000101 105 69 45 E 36
1000110 106 70 46 F 37
1000111 107 71 47 G 38
1001000 110 72 48 H 39
1001001 111 73 49 I 40
1001010 112 74 4A J 41
1001011 113 75 4B K 42
1001100 114 76 4C L 43
1001101 115 77 4D M 44
1001110 116 78 4E N 45
1001111 117 79 4F O 46
1010000 120 80 50 P 47
1010001 121 81 51 Q 48
1010010 122 82 52 R 49
1010011 123 83 53 S 50
1010100 124 84 54 T 51
1010101 125 85 55 U 52
1010110 126 86 56 V 53
1010111 127 87 57 W 54
1011000 130 88 58 X 55
1011001 131 89 59 Y 56
1011010 132 90 5A Z 57
1011011 133 91 5B [ 58
1011100 134 92 5C \ 59
1011101 135 93 5D ] 60
1011110 136 94 5E ^ 61
1011111 137 95 5F _ 62
이진법 팔진법 십진법 십육진법 모양 85진법 (아스키85)
1100000 140 96 60 ` 63
1100001 141 97 61 a 64
1100010 142 98 62 b 65
1100011 143 99 63 c 66
1100100 144 100 64 d 67
1100101 145 101 65 e 68
1100110 146 102 66 f 69
1100111 147 103 67 g 70
1101000 150 104 68 h 71
1101001 151 105 69 i 72
1101010 152 106 6A j 73
1101011 153 107 6B k 74
1101100 154 108 6C l 75
1101101 155 109 6D m 76
1101110 156 110 6E n 77
1101111 157 111 6F o 78
1110000 160 112 70 p 79
1110001 161 113 71 q 80
1110010 162 114 72 r 81
1110011 163 115 73 s 82
1110100 164 116 74 t 83
1110101 165 117 75 u 84
1110110 166 118 76 v
1110111 167 119 77 w
1111000 170 120 78 x
1111001 171 121 79 y
1111010 172 122 7A z
1111011 173 123 7B {
1111100 174 124 7C |
1111101 175 125 7D }
1111110 176 126 7E ~

같이 보기

각주

  1. ANSI (1975년 12월 1일). 《ISO-IR-006: ASCII Graphic character set》 (PDF). ITSCJ/IPSJ. 2016년 10월 7일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 12월 6일에 확인함. 
  2. Mary Brandel, "1963: The Debut of ASCII", CNN, 1999년 7월 6일 작성, 2018년 3월 22일 확인.
  3. "American Standard Code for Information Interchange, ASA X3.4-1963", 미국 표준 협회 (ASA), 1963년 6월 17일.
  4. "Standard Code for Information Interchange, USAS X3.4-1967", 미합중국 표준 협회 (USASI), 1967년 7월 7일.
  5. Thomas Daniel Jennings, "An annotated history of some character codes or ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Infiltration", World Power Systems (WPS), 1999년 최초 작성, 2016년 4월 20일 개정, Internet Arichive에서 2018년 3월 22일 확인.
  6. "American National Standard for Information Systems — Coded Character Sets — 7-Bit American National Standard Code for Information Interchange (7-Bit ASCII), ANSI X3.4-1986", 미국 국가표준 협회 (ANSI), 1986년 3월 26일.

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Brasão concedido por Catarina de Áustria a Diogo Martines em 1560. Martins é um sobrenome (Apelido de família) em países com legado latino e romano como Espanha e Portugal e em suas antigas colônias. Considerado como patronímico de Martim ou Martinho, variantes gráficas como: Martínez, Martini, Martinelli e Martinizi embora mais raros também são encontrados. [1][2][3] Brasão A rainha-regente Catarina de Áustria, durante a menoridade de D. Sebastião de Portugal, concedeu armas a Dio…

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