카르브로말

카르브로말
Skeletal formula of carbromal
이름
IUPAC 이름
2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-2-ethylbutanamide
식별자
3D 모델 (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.952
EC 번호
  • 201-046-6
KEGG
MeSH carbromal
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C7H13BrN2O2/c1-3-7(8,4-2)5(11)10-6(9)12/h3-4H2,1-2H3,(H3,9,10,11,12) 예
    Key: OPNPQXLQERQBBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 예
  • CCC(Br)(CC)C(=O)NC(N)=O
성질
C7H13BrN2O2
몰 질량 237.097 g·mol−1
겉보기 백색결정
냄새 무취
밀도 1.544 g/cm3
녹는점 119 °C (246 °F; 392 K)
Soluble
용해도 soluble in 클로로포름, 다이에틸 에터, 아세톤, 벤젠
log P 1.623
산성도 (pKa) 10.69
염기도 (pKb) 3.31
구조
사방정계
약리학
N05CM04 (WHO)
관련 화합물
관련 ureas
브로미소발
관련 화합물
달리 명시된 경우를 제외하면, 표준상태(25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa)에서 물질의 정보가 제공됨.

카르브로말(영어: carbromal)은 1909년에 바이엘이 합성한 후 상품명 아달린(Adalin)으로 판매한 수면제이자 진정제이다.[1][2] 제약사 파크-데이비스(Parke-Davis)는 카르브로말과 펜토바르비탈을 섞고 카르브리탈(Carbrital)이라는 이름으로 팔았다.[3]

합성

카르브로말의 합성:[2][4][5] 특허문헌:[6][7]

다이에틸말론산2-에틸발레르산으로 탈카복실화하고 헬-폴하르트-젤린스키 반응을 통해 α-브로모-α-에틸부티릴 브롬화물로 전환된다. 요소와 반응해 카르브로말(도표의 4번)을 생성한다.

효과

카르브로말은 바르비투르산계보다 수면제 효과가 약하다. 유효성분의 생체변환(biotransformation) 동안 생물학적 반감기가 12일인 브로민화 이온이 방출된다. 장기간 사용하면 생물축적(bioaccumulation)된다.[8]

카페인 5mg/kg으로 카르브로말 300mg/kg의 수면제 효과가 중화된다는 연구가 있다.[9] 또 다른 연구는 카르브로말의 발암성을 조사했다. 투여된 카르브로말의 농도와 크롬친화세포종의 발병률은 카르브로말을 더 많이 투여한 실험군에서 상당한 상관관계가 있었다. 피셔의 정확검정은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다.[10]

부작용

부작용은 발진을 포함한다. 유효성분으로 인한 피부 반응을 약물성 피부염이라고 한다.[11][12] 카르브로말 의존의 경우도 논문에 보고되었다.[13]

과다복용하면 브로민 중독의 전형적인 부작용이 나타날 수 있다.[14]

예술

이상날개에서 매춘부인 아내는 주인공에게 아스피린으로 속인 아달린을 먹이고 한 달 동안 잠재운다.[15]

각주

  1. Borrie P (1955년 3월). “A purpuric drug eruption caused by carbromal”. 《British Medical Journal》 1 (4914): 645–6. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4914.645. PMC 2061381. PMID 13230580. 
  2. DE 22571, "Verfahren dur Darstellung von Bromodiäthylacetylharnstoff [Method for the preparation of bromodiethylacetylurea]", published 1910-09-17, assigned to Friedrich Bayer & Co. 
  3. 《Physicians' Desk Reference.》 33판. Oradell, N.J.: Medical Economics Co. 1979. 1266쪽. ISBN 0-87489-999-0. OCLC 4636066. 
  4. Frdl. 10, 1160
  5. Chem. Zentralbl. 1910, II, 1008.
  6. Slotta H (1931). Bauer KH, 편집. 《Grundriss der modernen Arzneistoff‐Synthese》. Stuttgart: Verlag Ferd. Enke. 
  7. H. P. Kaufmann, Arzneimittel-Synthese (Berlin, 1953).
  8. H. J. Roth, H. Fenner: Arzneistoffe. Thieme, Stuttgart u. New York, 1988. S. 272.
  9. Hermann Druckrey, Eva Müller, Margarete Stuhlmann: Die Beeinflussung der sedativen Wirkung durch Antipyretika und Coffein. In: Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archiv für Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. 185, 1937, S. 221, doi:10.1007/BF01925281.
  10. Bioassay of carbromal for possible carcinogenicity. In: National Cancer Institute carcinogenesis technical report series. Band 173, 1979, S. 1–135, PMID 12799690.
  11. P. Borrie: A purpuric drug eruption caused by carbromal. In: British medical journal. Bd. 1, Nr. 4914, März 1955, S. 645–646, PMID 13230580, PMC 2061381.
  12. H. W. Buck, J. C. Mitchell: Dermatitis Medicamentosa Caused by Diethyl Bromacetyl Carbamide (Carbromal). In: Canadian Medical Association journal. Bd. 89, Nr. 9, August 1963, S. 419, PMID 20327677, PMC 1921693.
  13. M. Steel, J. M. Johnstone: Addiction to carbromal. In: British medical journal. Band 2, Nummer 5143, August 1959, S. 118, PMID 13671224, PMC 1989911.
  14. D. Lugassy, L. Nelson: Case files of the medical toxicology fellowship at the New York City poison control: bromism: forgotten, but not gone. In: Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology. Band 5, Nummer 3, September 2009, S. 151–157, PMID 19655290, PMC 3550397.
  15. 정, 승규. (2019). 인류를 구한 12가지 약 이야기. 서울: 반니. pp. 18-19.

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