응양군

응양군(鷹揚軍)은 1017년(현종 8년)~1018년(현종 9년)에 설치되었다. 서반(西班)이라고 하며, 고려시대 양반 지배층의 하나로 문반을 동반이라 한데 비하여 무반을 서반이라 하였다. 중앙군인 2군6위의 정3품 상장군 이하 정9품 교위까지는 품계를 명시하고 있지만 그 이하에 대정은 품계를 명시하지 않고 있다. 그러나 상장군 이하 대정에 이르기까지를 서반으로 보아야 할 것이다. 대정은 무반의 초입사직 또는 권무직으로 동정직체계의 산계를 지니고 있는 무반의 관품이다. 대정은 정9품 위(尉(校尉)) 아래 품외직으로 되어있지만, 전시과(14과 전30결, 시5결)와 녹봉(문종·인종녹제 16석 10두)을 받는 무반의 실직이다. 고려전기(918년~1170)에는 무반에 권무직을 설정하지 않고, 대정이 군인이나 무반동정직체계 산직의 초입사직으로 이용되었다.


설립 배경

1014년(현종 5년)에 김훈최질이 여러 시위 군사를 선동하여 난을 일으켰고, 그 이듬해에 난을 진압하였다.

임무

궁중의 시위의 임무를 맡고 있던 6위를 통제하기 위한 특수부대의 조직이고, 용호군과 더불어 2군에 속한 부대로, 응양군이 언제 설치되었는지는 잘 알지 못하나, 고려사에서 응양군의 칭호가 나오는 1018년(현종 9년) 이전에 설치된 것으로 추정하고 있다.

위치

응양군은 용호군보다 우월한 위치에 있었다. 그래서 응양군의 상장군을 반주(班主)라고 불렀다. 그리고 2군 6위에 상장군·대장군으로 구성된 중방회의의 의장을 맡았고, 무반의 대표자 구실을 하였다.

규모

응양군은 2군 6위 가운데 규모가 가장 적은 부대로 1영에 1,000명의 군사를 보유하고 있었다.

구성 및 서열

응양군의 구성
품계 관직 정원
정3품 상장군(上將軍) 1명
종3품 대장군(大將軍) 1명
정4품 장군(將軍) 1명
종5품 중랑장(中郞將) 2명
정6품 낭장(郞將) 2명
정7품 별장(別將) 2명
종8품 산원(散員) 3명
정9품 위(尉) 20명
종9품 대정(隊正) 40명

참고 문헌

  • 고려사
  • 삼국사기
  • 삼국유사
  • 연려실기술


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