와스텍어

와스텍어
Teenek
사용 국가 멕시코
사용 지역 산루이스포토시주, 베라크루스주, 타마울리파스주
사용 민족 와스텍족
언어 인구 161,120명 (2010년 인구조사)[1]
언어 계통 마야어족
 와스텍어파
  와스텍어
언어 부호
ISO 639-3 hus 와스텍어
글로톨로그 huas1242[2]
멕시코의 와스텍어 사용 지역
멕시코의 와스텍어 사용 지역
와스텍어로 말하는 동영상

와스텍어(Wastek, Huasteco)는 멕시코와스텍족이 사용하는 마야어족 언어이다. 산루이스포토시주베라크루스주 북부의 시골에서 쓰인다. 메소아메리카의 남쪽 지역에서 쓰이는 다른 마야어족 언어들로부터 지리적으로 외떨어져 있다. 2005년 인구조사에 따르면 멕시코에서 약 20만 명이 와스텍어를 할 줄 안다(산루이스포토시주에 약 12만 명, 베라크루스주에 약 8만 명).[3] 최근에는 테넥어(Teenek)라고도 불리며, 이 이름은 멕시코 국내에서나 국제적으로나 점차 널리 쓰이고 있다.

지금은 사멸한 치코무셀텍어가 가장 가까운 친척이다.

와스텍어 문법을 최초로 기술한 유럽인은 안드레스 데 올모스(Andrés de Olmos)로, 그는 나와틀어토토낙어의 문법을 최초로 기술한 사람이기도 하다.

산루이스포토시주 탄칸위츠데산토스에 위치한 라디오 방송국 XEANT-AM이 와스텍어로 된 라디오 방송을 진행하고 있다.

방언

와스텍어에는 3개의 방언이 있고 이들이 갈라진 시기는 길어야 400년 전으로 보인다(Norcliffe 2003:3). 멕시코 중동부의 와슈테카-포토시나(Huaxteca-Potossina)라 불리는 지역에서 사용된다.

  1. 서부 방언(포토시노): 화자 48,000명. 산루이스포토시주의 9개 마을(시우다드바예스, 아키스몬, 웨웨틀란, 탄칸위츠, 탄라하스, 산안토니오, 탐파몰론, 탕키안, 탕콰얄라브)
  2. 중부 방언(베라크루스): 화자 22,000명. 베라크루스주 북부의 2개 마을(템포랄, 탄토유카)
  3. 동부 방언(오톤테펙): 화자 12,000명. 베라크루스주 북부의 7개 마을(촌틀라, 탄티마, 탕코코, 치남파, 나랑호스, 아마틀란, 타미아와). 동남 와스텍어라고도 한다. Ana Kondic (2012)의 보고에 따르면 화자가 1,700명밖에 남지 않았으며 이들은 촌틀라, 치남파, 아마틀란, 타미아와에 살고 있다.[4]

음운론

모음

단모음 전설 중설 후설
고모음 i [i] u [ü]
중모음 e [e̞] o [o̞]
저모음 a [a]
장모음 전설 중설 후설
고모음 ii [ʲiː] uu [ɯː]
중모음 ee [eː] oo [ɤː]
저모음 aa [aː]

자음

  순음 치경음 경구개음 연구개음 성문음
기본 방출 기본 방출 기본 방출 기본 방출
비음   m  [m]   n  [n]      
파열음 무성  [pʼ]  [tʼ]  [kʼ]  ʼ   [ʔ]
유기 t   [tʰ] k  [kʰ]
유성 b  [b]
파찰음 기본 tsʼ  [tsʼ] chʼ  [tɕʼ]      
유기 p  [ɸʰ] ts  [tsʰ] ch  [tɕʰ]
마찰음 s  [s] z [θ] x  [ʃ]   j  [χ]
접근음 w [ʋ] l  [l]   y  [j]    
탄음   r  [ɾ]      

각주

  1. Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas (2012), México: Lenguas indígenas nacionales
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, 편집. (2023). 〈Huastec〉. 《Glottolog 4.8》. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 
  3. INEGI, 2005
  4. “Archived copy” (PDF). 2013년 9월 28일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2013년 1월 9일에 확인함. 

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