Джеймс Редхаус

Джеймс Уильям Редхаус (ағылш. James William Redhouse, 30 желтоқсан 1811 жыл – 4 қаңтар 1892 жыл) — тұңғыш осман-ағылшын сөздігінің авторы, тілтанушы, аудармашы, сөздік құрастырушысы. Оған шетелдік миссиялар жөніндегі Американдық коммисарлар кеңесі өз сөздігін құру үшін байланысқан болатын. Кейінірек, оның жұмысы көптеген түрік-ағылшын сөздіктерінің негізі ретінде пайдаланылды.

Өмірбаяны

Редхаус Лондон маңында дүниеге келген. Ол Джеймс Редхаус пен оның әйелі Элизабет Сандерстің үлкен ұлы. Балалық шағында ана және әкеден айырылған Редхаус 1819 жылы “Christ's Hospital” атты жәрдем және тәрбие ұйымына орналастырылады. Онда теңізшілік, карта жасау, сурет салу техникасы, тригонометрия сияқты пәндерді оқиды. 1826 жылы тәртіпсіздік себебінен оқудан шығарылған соң, Ақтеңізде ашылатын бір кемемен Стамбұлға келеді. Стамбұлда “Mühendishane-i Berri-i Hümayun” атты ұйымда техника сызбашысы болып жұмыс істейді. Стамбұлда 8 жыл болып, түрікше, арабша, парсыша және французша үйренеді. Ол — түрік тілін ең жақсы білген шетелдіктердің бірі. 1826 жылы Стамбұлда Bahriye'de ағылшын тілі оқытушысы болды. 1838 жылы садразамның (бірінші уәзір) аудармашысы болады. 1840 жылдан кейін сыртқы істер назариятында аудармашы болып бүкіл сыртқы байланыстардың аударма істерін орындады. 1853 жылы Англияға қайта оралып, сыртқы істер министрлігінде шығыс тілдері аудармашылығы бойынша жұмыс жасайды. Royal Asiatic Society қоғамының мүшелігіне сайланып, «сэр» атағын алады. Оның көптеген сөздіктері басылып шығады. Редхаус 1892 жылы қайтыс болды.

Редхаус сөздігі

Джеймс Редһаус османлы түрік тілінен ағылшын тіліне аударылған алғашқы және ауқымды сөздігін құрастырды. Ол сөздік 1890 жылы жарыққа шықты. Редһаустың қолжазбасы 12 томнан тұрады және Ұлыбритания мұражайында сақтаулы. Араб әліпбиінің тәртібімен жасалған осы сөздікте сөздердің арабша, парсыша, түрікше төркіндері көрсетіліп, латын әріптерімен оқылулары берілген, сөз түрлері анықталған, мағыналары сандармен нөмірленіп берілген және сөз тіркестері ағылшынша түсіндірілген. Бүгінгі таңда сөздік «Sev Yayıncılık» баспасы тарапынан түрлі басылымдардан және қысқартылған түрлерде басылып шығарылуда. 1950 және 1972 Редһаус баспасы негізге алып әзірлеген сөздіктерге жаңа сөздер және сөз тіркестері қосылды.

Еңбектері

  • Grammaire raisonne те la langue Ottomane (1846)
  • Vade mecum of the Османлы colloquial language (1855)
  • Turkish vade mecum (1877)
  • А simplified grammar of the Ottoman-Turkish (1884)
  • Müntehabatı lügatı Osmaniye (1838)
  • А dictionary of Arabic and Persian words used in Turkish (1853)
  • А Turkish and English lexicon shewing the English significations of the Turkish terms (1890)
  • Kitabı maanii lehçe li James Redhouse el İngilizi (1890)
  • The Mesnevi (1881)
  • А Vindication of the Ottoman Sultans title of caliph (1877)
  • On the history, system and varieties of Turkish poetry (1879)

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