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硫酸鉛(II)

硫酸鉛(II)
識別情報
CAS登録番号 7446-14-2
特性
化学式 PbSO4
モル質量 303.26 g/mol
外観 無色結晶
密度 6.29 g/cm3
融点

1170 ℃

への溶解度 0.0425 g/1dm3(25℃)
構造
結晶構造 斜方晶系
熱化学
標準生成熱 ΔfHo −919.94 kJ mol−1[1]
標準モルエントロピー So 148.57 J mol−1K−1
標準定圧モル比熱, Cpo 103.207 J mol−1K−1
危険性
EU分類 Repr. Cat. 1/3
有毒 (T)
有害 (Xn)
環境への危険性 (N)
EU Index 082-001-00-6
Rフレーズ R61, R20/22, R33, R62, R50/53
Sフレーズ S53, S45, S60, S61
引火点 不燃性
関連する物質
その他の陽イオン 硫酸バリウム
特記なき場合、データは常温 (25 °C)・常圧 (100 kPa) におけるものである。

硫酸鉛(II)(りゅうさんなまり(II)、Lead(II) sulfate)は、化学式 PbSO4 で表される2価の硫酸塩である。

天然には方鉛鉱酸化された結果として二次的に生成する、結晶の成長した硫酸鉛鉱として産出する。

合成

硝酸鉛(II)あるいは酢酸鉛(II)など水に可溶性の鉛塩水溶液に、希硫酸または硫酸塩水溶液を加えると白色沈殿として得られる[2]

鉛蓄電池活物質としては酸化鉛(II)に希硫酸を加えて作ったペースト状のものが用いられるが、これはPbSO4·PbO、PbSO4·2PbO、PbSO4·3PbO、PbSO4·4PbOのような組成の各種塩基性塩を含む。

性質

無色の結晶または粉末であり、結晶は斜方晶系硫酸バリウム型構造のものが安定であるが、単斜晶系同質異像体も存在する。

水には難溶性であり、その溶解度積は以下の通りである[3]

過剰のアルカリ水溶液には鉛酸塩を生じて溶解するが、濃厚アルカリ水溶液の場合は酸化鉛(II)に変化する。

濃硫酸に溶解させると硫酸水素鉛となる。

酢酸塩および酒石酸塩水溶液には錯体を生成して溶解する[4]

1170℃で溶融するが、1000℃付近から分解が始まり二酸化硫黄および三酸化硫黄を発生しながら酸化鉛(II)あるいは四酸化三鉛となる。

用途

鉛蓄電池の正極および負極活物質として用いられる。ただし両極共に硫酸鉛(II)は放電された形態であり、充電により正極は酸化され酸化鉛(IV)に、負極は還元され単体鉛となる。

脚注・参考文献

  1. ^ D.D. Wagman, W.H. Evans, V.B. Parker, R.H. Schumm, I. Halow, S.M. Bailey, K.L. Churney, R.I. Nuttal, K.L. Churney and R.I. Nuttal, The NBS tables of chemical thermodynamics properties, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 11 Suppl. 2 (1982).
  2. ^ 日本化学会編 『新実験化学講座 無機化合物の合成II』 丸善、1977年
  3. ^ H. Freiser, Q. Fernando共著、藤永太一郎、関戸栄一 共訳 『イオン平衡 -分析化学における-』 化学同人、1989年
  4. ^ 『化学大辞典』 共立出版、1993年

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