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ミールヌイ

ミールヌイ (Mirny、ロシア語: Ми́рныйサハ語: Мииринэй)は、ロシアサハ共和国西部にある都市。

歴史

1955年、ユーリ・ハバルディン(Yuri Khabardin)が指揮した探検により近くにキンバーライトのパイプ状の鉱床(キンバーライト・パイプ)が発見されたことにより入植がはじまった。1959年に町となり、現在は市になっている。

人口

人口は39,981人(2002年)、38,793人(1989年)とソ連崩壊後も微増している。

人口
1959 1967 1970 1979年 1989 1992 1996 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003
5695 ↗ 22,000 ↗ 23 826 ↗ 30 462 ↗ 38 793 ↗ 39 400 ↘ 37 900 ↘ 36 900 ↘ 36 100 ↗ 36 500 ↗ 39 981 ↗ 40,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
↘ 39 400 ↘ 38 700 ↘ 38 100 ↘ 37 500 ↘ 36 563 ↗ 37 188 ↘ 36 985 ↘ 35 478 ↘ 34 912 ↘ 34 652 ↘ 34 354 ↗ 34 836
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
↗ 35 376 ↘ 35 223 ↗ 35 381 ↗ 35 390 ↘ 34 045

位置

ヤクーツクからは西へ820km、レナ川水系のヴィリュイ川の支流、イレリャフ川(Irelyakh)のほとりにある。北緯62度32分07秒 東経113度57分40秒 / 北緯62.53528度 東経113.96111度 / 62.53528; 113.96111

ミールヌイ市
ミール鉱山
ミールヌイ市の紋章

ダイヤモンド採掘

ロシア一のダイヤモンド採掘都市で、ロシアのダイヤモンド生産の99%を担うサハ共和国のダイヤモンド産業の中心地。サハ共和国内はじめ世界でダイヤの探査・採掘・研磨・販売を行うロシア最大のダイヤモンド企業・アルローサ(ALROSA、Almazy Rossii-Sakha(ロシア・ダイヤモンド・サハ、Алмазы России-Саха)の略称)がミールヌイとモスクワに本社を置いている。ミールヌイはヴィリュイ川をせき止めた巨大なダムがあるほか、同地区に属する町では他にもウダーチヌイУдачный)がダイヤモンド鉱山として有名である。

ミール鉱山

深さ525m、直径1,250m[1]の巨大な露天掘り鉱山ミール鉱山の跡が観光地になっている。ここはソ連初の露天掘りダイヤモンド鉱であったが[2]、50年近くに及ぶ操業を終え、現在では地下に坑道を掘り採掘している。周囲の永久凍土地帯ではさらに多くの露天掘り鉱跡があり、地下でダイヤモンド鉱山が操業している。露天掘りのピットや地下の坑道から出た大量の残土が川に流出して汚染するのを防ぐためにダムも設けられている。脚注

外部リンク

座標: 北緯62度31分45.92秒 東経113度59分36.74秒 / 北緯62.5294222度 東経113.9935389度 / 62.5294222; 113.9935389

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