エデントスクス

エデントスクス
地質時代
前期白亜紀
分類
ドメイン : 真核生物 Eukaryota
界 : 動物界 Animalia
門 : 脊索動物門 Chordata
亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata
上綱 : 四肢動物上綱 Tetrapoda
綱 : 爬虫綱 Reptilia
亜綱 : 双弓亜綱 Diapsida
下綱 : 主竜型下綱 Archosauromorpha
階級なし : 偽鰐類 Pseudosuchia
上目 : ワニ形上目 Crocodylomorpha
科 : プロトスクス科 Protosuchidae
属 : エデントスクス属 Edentosuchus
学名
Edentosuchus Young, 1973
タイプ種
Edentosuchus tienshanensis Young, 1973

エデントスクス[1]（学名：Edentosuchus）は、 ワニ形上目プロトスクス科（英語版）に属する絶滅した偽鰐類の属。化石は中華人民共和国新疆ウイグル自治区のジュンガリアに分布する下部白亜系のTugulu層群から産出している。2個の部分的な頭蓋骨と複数の頸椎が知られている。関節した部分的な体骨格も本属のものである可能性があるが、既知の範囲内のエデントスクスの標本に重複する部位が存在していないため、断定はできない[2]。

研究史

エデントスクスは1973年に楊鍾健 (Yang Zhongjian, C.C.Young) によって記載されており、ホロタイプ標本は中国科学院古脊椎動物古人類学研究所に所蔵された部分的頭蓋骨と頸椎からなるIVPP V 3236である。タイプ種はE. tienshanensis[3]。2000年に実施されたロサンゼルス自然史博物館（英語版）と中国地質博物館の合同遠征ではもう1個の部分的頭蓋骨が発見されている[2]。楊(1973)は原鰐類の下位分類群としてエデントスクス科を設立し本属をエデントスクス科に分類したが[3]、後にPol et al. (2004)は新標本を用いて本属をプロトスクス科（英語版）に分類した[2]。

特徴

エデントスクスの歯は異歯性を示す。上顎において、前上顎骨歯が円錐形で、上顎骨歯のうち最初の2本が3個の咬頭（英語版）を持ち、続く2本の上顎骨歯が多数の小型の咬頭を持ち、5番目と最後側の歯が小型の咬頭を伴う球根状で他より大型の歯となる。下顎では、左右それぞれに生えた9本の歯のうちいくつかが小型の咬頭を持つが、2番目の歯は顕著に大型化している。頭蓋骨は小型で、吻部が短くかつ比較的狭く、後側が広がっていた[2]。

系統と古環境

Adams (2013)の系統樹によれば、エデントスクスはディボスロスクスやテレストリスクスよりも派生的であり、ワニ形上目のClocodyliformesのうちプロトスクスやヘミプロトスクス（英語版）などと共に分岐群を構築している[4]。エデントスクスは季節的な乾燥を伴う温暖な氾濫原に生息していた。共存した生物にはカメや、ズンガリプテルス科（英語版）の翼竜、獣脚類、竜脚類、剣竜類、プシッタコサウルス科、鳥脚類の恐竜がいた[2]。

出典

  1. ^ 小林快次『ワニと恐竜の共存 巨大ワニと恐竜の世界』北海道大学出版会、2013年7月25日、14頁。ISBN 978-4-8329-1398-1。 
  2. ^ a b c d e Pol, Diego; Shu-an Ji; James M. Clark; Luis M. Chiappe (2004). “Basal crocodyliforms from the Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Group (Xinjiang, China), and the phylogenetic position of Edentosuchus”. Cretaceous Research 25 (4): 603–622. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2004.05.002. http://doc.rero.ch/record/15390/files/PAL_E2741.pdf. 
  3. ^ a b Yang Zhongjian (1973). “[A new fossil crocodile from Wuerho]” (Chinese). Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Academia Sinica 11: 37–44. 
  4. ^ Adams, T. L (2013). “A new neosuchian crocodyliform from the Lower Cretaceous (Late Aptian) Twin Mountains Formation of north-central Texas”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 (1): 85-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2012.713277. 

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