There are two Karuizawas, one Kyu-Karuizawa, or ‘Old Karuizawa’, which is on the Nakasendo highway and lies very near the base of Usui and Atago ; the other, Shin-Karuizawa, or ‘New Karuizawa’, is a recent village created after the opening of the railway and is situated near Yagasaki-yama, being separated from Kyu-Karuizawa by only 1/2 m. The population of the two sections totals 1,953, divided into 597 houses, of which 178 are summer villas for both foreigners and Japanese. (軽井沢は2つあり、1つは旧軽井沢、つまり「古い軽井沢」で、中山道沿いにあり、碓氷と愛宕の麓のすぐ近くにある。もう1つは、新軽井沢、つまり「新しい軽井沢」で、鉄道開通後にできた最近の村で、矢ヶ崎山の近くにあり、旧軽井沢からわずか1/2マイルの距離にある。両地区の人口は合計1,953人で、597戸に分かれており、そのうち178戸は外国人と日本人の両方のための夏の別荘である。) — Official Guide to Eastern Asia, Vol. III (North-Eastern Japan), Imperial Japanese Government Railways, 1914