ヘリックスバンドル

ヘリックスバンドル(Helix bundle)は、平行、または逆平行のいくつかのαヘリックスで構成される小さなタンパク質三次構造である。

3ヘリックスバンドル

ニワトリで発現したvillinヘッドピース

3ヘリックスバンドルは三次構造のうち最も小さく、最も早くから知られていたものである[1]。villinヘッドピースにある3ヘリックスバンドルは36アミノ酸残基の長さしかなく、フォールディングに要する時間がマイクロ秒程度と比較的扱いやすいため、分子動力学法の研究の対象としてよく用いられている[2] [3]HIVにある40残基の修飾タンパク質も同じような構造を持ち、やはり盛んに研究されている[4]。共通する構造モチーフはないため、配列だけからはこの構造の存在を予測することができない。3ヘリックスバンドルは、DNA結合性タンパク質などアクチンと結合するタンパク質に良く見られる。

4ヘリックスバンドル

4ヘリックスバンドルでは、疎水性残基を内側に配して4つのヘリックスがコイルドコイル構造を形成していることが多い。隣接するヘリックス同士は荷電アミノ酸同士を塩橋で架橋して安定化されている。ヘリックス同士はだいたい20残基ほど離れていて、グロビンフォールドよりも距離が近い[5]

ヘリックスのトポロジーはタンパク質によって異なっていて、隣接ヘリックスは逆平行であることが多いが、平行ヘリックスの組同士が逆平行になっている場合もある。2つのヘリックスからなるコイルドコイルはそれ自体で安定であるため、Ropタンパク質のように2つのヘリックスからなるコイルドコイルが2つ集まった形をしていることがある。4ヘリックスバンドルの他の例としては、シトクロムフェリチン成長ホルモンサイトカインなどがある[5]。4ヘリックスバンドルの配列に保存性は見られないが、コイルドコイルの配列に近く、4つかそれ以上の疎水性残基が必ずある。

出典

  1. ^ Wickstrom L, Okur A, Song K, Hornak V, Raleigh DP, Simmerling CL. (2006). The unfolded state of the villin headpiece helical subdomain: computational studies of the role of locally stabilized structure. J Mol Biol 60(5):1094-107. PMID 16797585
  2. ^ Duan Y, Kollman PA. (1998). Pathways to a protein folding intermediate observed in a 1-microsecond simulation in aqueous solution. Science 282(5389):740-4. PMID 9784131
  3. ^ Jayachandran G, Vishal V, Pande VS. (2006). Using massively parallel simulation and Markovian models to study protein folding: examining the dynamics of the villin headpiece. J Chem Phys 124(16):164902. PMID 16674165
  4. ^ Herges T, Wenzel W. (2005). In silico folding of a three helix protein and characterization of its free-energy landscape in an all-atom force field. Phys Rev Lett 94(1):018101. PMID 15698135
  5. ^ a b Branden C, Tooze J. (1999). Introduction to Protein Structure 2nd ed. Garland Publishing: New York, NY.

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