^BRIAN M.WIEGMANN, DAVID K. YEATES, JEFFREY L. THORNE, and HIROHISA KISHINO 2003. Time Flies, a New Molecular Time-Scale for Brachyceran Fly Evolution Without a Clock. Systematic Biology 52(6):745-756
^DAVID K. YEATES 2002. Relationships of extant lower Brachycera (Diptera): a quantitative synthesis of morphological characters. Zoologica Scripta, 31(1) 105-121