グラヤノトキシン

グラヤノトキシンの構造。末端官能基により3種類に分かれる

グラヤノトキシン(Grayanotoxin)は、有毒植物に含まれるジテルペン[1]に属するの一種の総称。ⅠからⅢまでの3種類がある。グラヤノトキシンⅠはアセボトキシン(Asebotoxin)、ロードトキシン(Rhodotoxin)、アンドロメドトキシン(andromedotoxin)とも呼ばれる。

レンゲツツジアセビネジキなどのツツジ科の植物の全草に含まれている。日本産のハナヒリノキLeucothoe grayana)から発見・命名された。

グラヤノトキシンは細胞膜上のNaイオンチャネルに結合して興奮と脱分極を継続させ、カルシウムイオンを流入させるために骨格筋心筋の収縮を強め、結果期外収縮などを起こす。迷走神経を刺激した後に麻痺させる作用も持つ。

ホツツジなどのに含まれるグラヤノトキシンが蜂蜜から検出されることがあり、問題となっている。このことはギリシャ・ローマ時代から知られており、大プリニウスストラボンクセノフォンらは著書の中でツツジ属植物の蜜に由来する蜂蜜による中毒を記録に残している[2]

また、上記の含有する植物を食べることによる家畜の中毒死も問題となる。

脚注

  1. ^ 環式ジテルペン
  2. ^ 「蓮華躑躅(レンゲツツジ)の毒性」 医薬品情報21(2007年10月5日)]

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