エンメテナ

エンメテナ
Enmetena
ラガシュ
在位 紀元前25世紀頃?

継承者 エンアンナトゥム2世ロシア語版
王朝 ラガシュ第1王朝
父親 エンアンナトゥム1世
テンプレートを表示
ウルクとの和平が記されたエンメテナの粘土釘(紀元前2,400年頃)。世界最古の外交文書のひとつである。

エンメテナEnmetena)は、古代メソポタミア初期王朝時代英語版の都市国家ラガシュの王。少し前までエンテメナと読まれており、最近の書籍でもこちらの表記が用いられる例もあるが、大勢はエンメテナ表記になっている。ウルクとの間での同盟条約に言及した文書(同盟文書としては現存史上最古)や徳政令の発布などで知られている。

来歴

前王エンアンナトゥム1世の息子として生まれた。

ラガシュ・ウンマ戦争

エンメテナの残した「回顧碑文」と呼ばれる文書によれば、ウンマ王ウル・ルンマロシア語版はウンマがラガシュから貸借した大麦の返済を巡るトラブルから同盟国と共にラガシュに侵攻してきた。父エンアンナトゥム1世はこれを迎え撃ったが敗れて戦死し、急遽エンメテナが即位することになった。

エンメテナはウルク王ルガルキギンネドゥドゥロシア語版(ラガシュ側の表記ではルガルキニシェドゥドゥ)と同盟を結び、ウル・ルンマ率いるウンマ軍を撃破してその侵攻を退けた。その後も戦争は続いたが、ウル・ルンマが死去し、新しくイルロシア語版がウンマ王に即位すると、彼との間に講和が成立したという。またラガシュ王としては唯一ニップル市のエンリル神殿に王像を奉納しており、その勢力の拡大が推測される。

一方内政においては徳政令を実施し、債務奴隷の解放を行った事が碑文に記録されている。これは知られている限り最も古い債務免除の記録であり、神殿の建設などの記念行事に伴って実施された。

死後

死後、息子のエンアンナトゥム2世ロシア語版が跡を継いだ。

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