Václav Melzer

Václav Melzer (Stříbro, 26 agosto 1878Domažlice, 1º maggio 1968) è stato un botanico e micologo ceco che fece parte di un gruppo di insegnanti cechi che divennero micologi all'inizio del XX secolo, tra i quali figurano anche Jindřich Kučera, Rudolf Veselý e František Tyttl.[1] Melzer visse e lavorò per buona parte della sua vita a Domažlice.

Il lavoro scientifico di Melzer si concentrò soprattutto sul genere di funghi Russula e fu il primo studioso a pubblicare una monografia che trattasse nello specifico questa categoria di funghi basidiomiceti. Scoprì diverse specie del genere Russula, tra cui R. sardonia var. mellini (descritta nel 1927)[2] e Russula helodes (1929),[3] entrambe descritte a seguito di rinvenimenti nell'area attorno a Soběslav.

Nel 1922 il micologo Josef Velenovský battezzò Boletus melzeri una specie di boleto, in suo onore; lo stesso Melzer aveva per primo individuato a Čechtice e analizzato questo fungo, due anni prima.[4] Altri taxa aventi Melzer come eponimo sono Lentinus melzeri,[5] Russula melzeri[6] e Russula lilacea var. melzeriana (ora ribattezzata Russula melzeriana);[7] inoltre, due generi di funghi che crescono sulle cortecce degli alberi, Melzericium[8] e Melzerodontia,[9] hanno Melzer nella radice del nome.

In micologia, Václav Melzer è noto per aver ideato e formulato una soluzione acquosa, contenente idrato di cloralio, ioduro di potassio e iodio; questo preparato è detto reagente di Melzer ed è stato realizzato dallo studioso nel 1924, allo scopo di creare un'alternativa ad una soluzione a base di tintura di iodio e contenente idrato di cloralio formulata diversi anni addietro dal botanico tedesco Arthur Meyer.[10] Nel genere Russula, sul cui studio si era specializzato Melzer, la reazione fortemente positiva (definita "amiloide") alla soluzione di Melzer riscontrata nelle spore dei funghi e riguardante l'intera spora o soltanto il bordo esterno è stata importante per la classificazione tassonomica e l'inquadramento filogenetico di queste specie fungine.[11]

Note

  1. ^ (CS) František Kotlaba, ...a jak je vidí mykolog, in J. Nesvadbová & S. PECHÁČKOVÁ. Historický atlas hub - obrazy Františka Tyttla, Praga, Academia, 2008, p. 13, ISBN 978-80-200-1578-5.
  2. ^ (EN) Index Fungorum, su Index Fungorum. URL consultato il 10 dicembre 2023.
  3. ^ (CS) T. Papoušek, M. Beran, J. Vlasák, Velký fotoatlas hub z jižních Čech, collana České Budějovice: Joseph Posekaný, 22ª ed., 2010, pp. 347.
  4. ^ (CS) K. Velenovský, L. Melzeri, in České Botanické Společnosti, vol. 1, Praga, 1922, p. 186. URL consultato il 10 dicembre 2023.
  5. ^ (CS) K. Velenovský, B. luridus, in České Botanické Společnosti, vol. 4, Praga, 1922, p. 707. URL consultato il 10 dicembre 2023.
  6. ^ (CS) V. Melzer, J. Zvára, Archiv Pro Pírodovdecký Výzkum Cech, vol. 17, n. 4, 1927, p. 83.
  7. ^ (DE) R. Singer, Supplemente zu meiner Monographie der Gattung Russula, vol. 33, n. 5, 1935, p. 318.
  8. ^ (EN) K. Hauerslev, New or rare resupinate fungi, in Friesia, vol. 10, n. 4-5, 1974, pp. 315-322.
  9. ^ (EN) K. Hjortstam, L. Ryvarden, Notes on Ceratocystis brunnea and Ophiostoma based on partial ribosomal DNA sequence data, in Mycotaxon, vol. 12, n. 1, 1980, pp. 168-184. URL consultato il 10 dicembre 2023.
  10. ^ (EN) H.-O- Baral, Lugol's solution / IKI versus Melzer's reagent: Hemiamyloidity, a universal feature of the ascus wall, in Mycotaxon, vol. 29, 1987, pp. 399-450.
  11. ^ (EN) Introduction to the Russulales: Characteristics of the russuloid fungi, su Russulales News, 2007. URL consultato il 10 dicembre 2023 (archiviato dall'url originale il 7 luglio 2013).

Voci correlate

Melzer è l'abbreviazione standard utilizzata per le piante descritte da Václav Melzer.
Consulta l'elenco delle piante assegnate a questo autore dall'IPNI.
Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN83820305 · ISNI (EN0000 0001 0655 2322

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