Stringa eterotica

In fisica teorica, una stringa eterotica è un misto o ibrido peculiare di una stringa bosonica e di una superstringa. Viene detta eterotica per l'origine greca dell'etimo Heterosis, cioè ibrido.

Proprietà principali

Le teorie delle stringhe eterotiche sono basate su un ibrido particolare di superstringa tipo I e stringa bosonica. Vi sono due tipi di stringhe eterotiche che differiscono riguardo al gruppo di gauge deca-dimensionale: la stringa eterotica E8×E8 e la stringa eterotica SO(32). (Il nome di eterotica SO(32) è lievemente impreciso riguardo ai gruppi di Lie SO(32) perché la teoria dà origine a un quoziente di Spin(32)/Z2 che non è equivalente a SO(32).)

Nella tabella seguente vengono riassunte tutte le principali proprietà delle stringhe.

Teorie delle stringhe
Tipo Dimensioni Dettagli
Bosonica 26 Solo bosoni, nessun fermione, quindi solo forze, niente materia, sia stringhe chiuse che aperte; incongruenza maggiore: una particella con massa immaginaria, chiamata tachione
I 10 Supersimmetria tra forze e materia, con stringhe sia aperte che chiuse, nessun tachione, gruppo simmetrico SO(32)
IIA 10 Supersimmetria tra forze e materia, solo stringhe chiuse, nessun tachione, fermioni privi di massa con spin in entrambe le direzioni (non-chirali)
IIB 10 Supersimmetria tra forze e materia, solo stringhe chiuse, nessun tachione, fermioni privi di massa con spin in un'unica direzione (chirali)
HO 10 Supersimmetria tra forze e materia, solo stringhe chiuse, eterotiche, cioè le stringhe che si muovono verso destra differiscono da quelle che si muovono a sinistra, nessun tachione, gruppo simmetrico SO(32)
HE 10 Supersimmetria tra forze e materia, solo stringhe chiuse, eterotiche, cioè le stringhe che si muovono verso destra differiscono da quelle che si muovono a sinistra, nessun tachione, gruppo simmetrico E8×E8

Note


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