Stile formulare

Lo stile formulare è un modo di esprimersi caratterizzato da formule, cioè da ripetizioni di epiteti, di espressioni fisse e di topoi, adottato in origine dagli aedi, i cantori professionisti della Grecia antica, ma utilizzato anche nell'epica medievale europea[1]. Questo particolare stile, con i versi o le frasi ripetute con piccole variazioni, con l'uso di patronimici ("Achille Pelide", cioè figlio di Peleo), o aggettivi che caratterizzano un personaggio e lo accompagnano sempre ("Achille pie' veloce") serviva al cantore a semplificare il linguaggio e a connotare i personaggi e le situazioni per facilitarne il riconoscimento da parte del pubblico.

Soprattutto nell'epica classica, lo stile formulare è legato ad un repertorio di espressioni appartenenti alla tradizione, ben consolidato e fisso. Il risultato è generalmente uno stile ridondante, ripetitivo e limitato nella varietà espressiva, che coadiuvato dal ritmo dei versi diventa un ausilio mnemonico per il pubblico[2].

Note

  1. ^ Gilda Sbrilli, Vincenzo Porta, Alberto Pellegrino, Marco Maschitta, L'epica medievale (materiale on-line) (PDF), in Quadri d'autore - Antologia italiana, Firenze, Bulgarini, p. 6. URL consultato il 7 febbraio 2012 (archiviato dall'url originale l'11 ottobre 2010).
  2. ^ Diana Quarantotto, Storia della Filosofia Antica (PDF) [collegamento interrotto], su w3.uniroma1.it, Università "La Sapienza", 22 marzo 2011, 6. URL consultato il 7 febbraio 2012.

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