Società geografica russa

logo della Società geografica russa

La Società geografica russa (RGO) è un'istituzione fondata il 6 agosto 1845 a San Pietroburgo, in Russia.

Storia

Società geografica imperiale

Prima della Rivoluzione russa del 1917 essa era conosciuta come Società geografica imperiale russa.

Membri fondatori

Biblioteca della Società geografica russa nel 1916.

I suoi primi presidenti furono il granduca Konstantin Nikolaevič Romanov tra il 1845 e il 1892 ed il granduca Nikolaj Mihajlovič Romanov tra il 1892 ed il 1917. I suoi vicepresidenti furono Fëdor Petrovič Litke (1845-50, 1855-57), il conte Mihail Nikolaevič Murav’ëv (1850-55), Pëtr Petrovič Semënov-Tjan-Šanskij (1873-1914) e Julij Mihajlovič Šokal'skij (1914-31).

Vennero poi fondate delle sedi decentrate nel Caucaso (1850), ad Irkutsk (1851), a Vilnius (1867), ad Orenburg (1868), a Kiev (1873), ad Omsk (1877) e successivamente anche in altre città.

La società organizzò e finanziò le spedizioni di Richard Maack, Pëtr Alekseevič Kropotkin, Semënov-Tjan-Šanskij, Nikolaj Mihajlovič Prževal'skij, Nikolaj Mikluho-Maklaj, Pëtr Kuz'mič Kozlov, Vladimir Obručev e Lev Semënovič Berg. Essa organizzò ed impiantò la prima stazione polare in Russia e fu una delle prime a pubblicare dettagliati studi sul folklore russo e sulle fiere ucraine.

La società fu pioniera nello studio e l'esplorazione degli Urali del Nord nel periodo 1847-50, delle remote sorgenti del fiume Amur nel periodo 1854-1863 e delle vaste aree di Kašgar, Zungaria e Mongolia a partire dal 1870 circa.

Nel 1917 la società venne suddivisa in undici sezioni, ciascuna composta da 1.000 membri.

Società geografica dell'Unione Sovietica

Società geografica russa

La società cambiò il suo nome in Società geografica di Stato nel 1926 e in Società geografica dell'URSS nel 1938. Dopo Šokal'skij i suoi presidenti furono il genetista Nikolai Vavilov (1931-40), lo zoologo Lev Berg (1940-1950), il parassitologo Evgenij Pavlovskij (1952-64), il glaciologo Stanislav Kalesnik (1964-77) e l'esploratore polare Aleksej Fëdorovič Trëšnikov (1977-91). La società organizzò numerosi congressi e coniò quattro medaglie in memoria di Litke, Semënov, Prževal'skij e Dežnëv. Dal 1970 la società ha pubblicato più di 2.000 volumi di letteratura geografica, incluso l'annuale Zapiski (dal 1846) e Izvestija (dal 1865).

La nuova Società geografica russa

La Società geografica dell'Unione Sovietica è tornata all'antico nome dopo la dissoluzione dell'Unione Sovietica, nel 1991. La sede della società si trova a San Pietroburgo.

Divisioni

Dipartimento di geografia fisica

Dipartimento di geografia matematica

Dipartimento di etnografia

Nikolaj Nadeždin si occupò della fondazione di questo dipartimento, quando la società fu istituita. Negli anni '50 e '60 del XIX secolo il dipartimento di etnografia raccolse e pubblicò materiale sul folklore e sul modo di vivere allo scopo di salvaguardare l'essenza dei popoli che costituivano l'Impero russo. Nel 1909 Dmitrij Nikolaevič Anučin, Vladimir Bogdanov e Vsevolod Miller convocarono la sub-sezione etnografica al XII Congresso degli scienziati russi di scienza naturale e dei medici tenutosi a Mosca. Qui venne deciso di fare una netta distinzione fra etnografi ed amatori.

Nel 1917 i membri della società David Zolotarëv e Nikolaj Mogiljanskij parteciparono alla Commissione per lo studio delle composizioni tribali delle popolazioni confinanti con la Russia.

Dipartimento di statistica

Bibliografia

  • Pëtr Semënov-Tjan-Šanskij, История полувековой деятельности Императорского Русского географического общества, volumi 1-3, San Pietroburgo, 1896.
  • Lev Berg, Всесоюзное Географическое общество за 100 лет. 1845-1945, Mosca - Leningrado, 1946.
  • Географическое общество за 125 лет, Leningrado, 1970.
  • Hirsch, Francine (2005), Empire of Nations: Ethnographic Knowledge and the Making of the Soviet Union, Ithaca, Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-4273-7

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN305975699 · ISNI (EN0000 0001 2299 7567 · LCCN (ENno2015077962 · GND (DE504445-5 · BNF (FRcb12261806j (data) · J9U (ENHE987007308902705171
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