Shale (roccia)

Shale
Un frammento di shale
Categoriaroccia sedimentaria
Sottocategoriaroccia clastica
Tipoargillite
Minerali principalifango e minerali argillosi
Minerali accessoriquarzo e calcite
Foliazionestratificazione
UtilizzoEstrazione di Gas da argille
AffioramentoPrincipalmente Cina e Stati Uniti

Shale è un termine di lingua inglese che in geologia indica una roccia sedimentaria[1] composta principalmente da fango con l'aggiunta di minerali argillosi e frammenti di altri minerali quali quarzo e calcite[2]. Il rapporto fra l'argilla e gli altri minerali è variabile. La shale sedimentologicamente è una pelite caratterizzata dalla fissilità, ossia la proprietà di fessurarsi e rompersi parallelamente alla stratificazione in lamine sottili, acquisita durante la sua litificazione.

Il fango indurito, d'altra parte, è simile per composizione ma non per fissilità. La shale, se ricca in materia organica, una volta decomposta anaerobicamente durante la diagenesi, può dare luogo ai giacimenti di shale gas[3], sfruttabili commercialmente per produrre metano.

Nella petrofisica dei bacini detritici, col termine shale vengono indicati quei livelli ricchi o composti esclusivamente da sedimenti fini, argillosi, con scarsa o nulla porosità efficace, permeabilità al di sotto dei limiti di economicità in contrapposizione al termine "poroso" con cui si indicano i livelli composti da sedimento clastico con buona porosità e permeabilità.

Note

  1. ^ Angela Carusone, Luca Olivetta, Thesaurus Italiano di Scienze della terra, Roma, APAT, 2006
  2. ^ Giuseppe Bolondi, Glossario dell'Industria Petrolifera, ENI Corporate University, 2002, p. 464
  3. ^ Idrocabolario, su petrolioegas.it. URL consultato il 7 agosto 2013 (archiviato dall'url originale il 19 luglio 2013).

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