STOVL

Grafico della corrispondenza tra le forze ascensionale e di spinta di alcuni aerei STOVL.
Un Sea Harrier in decollo dal trampolino (ski-jump) della Illustrious nel 2001.
Un Sea Harrier in atterraggio sulla Illustrious nel 2001.
Un F-35B in decollo dalla Wasp nel 2011, da notare che data l'assenza di trampolino l'aereo si aiuta tramite i motori come se si trattasse di un decollo verticale.
Un F-35B in atterraggio verticale nel 2013.

Un velivolo a decollo corto e atterraggio verticale[1], noto come STOVL (acronimo inglese di Short Take-Off and Vertical Landing), è, secondo la definizione della NATO:

(EN)

«Fixed-wing aircraft capable of clearing a 15 metres (50-foot) obstacle within 450 metres (1,500 feet) of commencing its take-off run, and capable of landing vertically.»

(IT)

«Aereo ad ala fissa capace di superare un ostacolo di 15 metri (50 piedi) di altezza situato a 450 metri (1.500 piedi) dall'inizio della sua corsa di decollo e capace di atterrare verticalmente.»

Descrizione

Questa è una capacità di alcuni tipi di aeromobili e permette il decollo da piste molto corte e l'atterraggio verticale, ad esempio in parcheggi o spazi poco preparati, evitando così la costruzione di costose infrastrutture per permettere l'atterraggio convenzionale.
Questa caratteristica è molto utile per gli aerei imbarcati a bordo delle portaerei perché possono decollare da ponti di volo dotati di trampolino (ski-jump) invece che usare il sistema di catapulte, presente di solito nelle navi americane.
Gli aerei STOVL possono portare un carico maggiore rispetto agli aeromobili VTOL (Vertical Take-Off Landing), ma di contro hanno bisogno di una pista, seppur piccola.

Il più famoso aeromobile con questa capacità è l'Harrier, che tecnicamente è un VTOL, ma operativamente è un STOVL, visto che può portare più carico se decolla convenzionalmente. Lo stesso discorso vale per il F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, che nei test di volo ha dimostrato di essere un VTOL ma verrà usato soprattutto come STOVL.
Un aereo STOVL è quindi un aeromobile in grado di operare teoricamente anche in modalità VTOL o V/STOL, ma nella pratica, soprattutto nel caso di utilizzo su portaeromobili, l'operatività avviene in modalità STOVL.

Aeromobili

Alcuni aeromobili entrati in servizio con questa capacità sono:

Altri aeromobili rimasti solamente allo stato di prototipo o di progetto:

Note

  1. ^ STOVL - Treccani, su Treccani. URL consultato il 27 maggio 2024.
  2. ^ (ENFR) AAP-06 Edition 2016 - NATO GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND DEFINITIONS (ENGLISH AND FRENCH) (PDF), su nso.nato.int. URL consultato il 6 ottobre 2017 (archiviato dall'url originale il 2 giugno 2021).

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

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