Reazione di Cope

La reazione di Cope(anche nota come eliminazione di Cope) è una reazione di eliminazione con cui si ottiene un alchene e una N,N-dialchilidrossilammina a partire da un ossido di un'ammina. Deve il suo nome al chimico statunitense Arthur Clay Cope.

Questa reazione non va confusa con il riarrangiamento di Cope.

Descrizione

Trattando un'ammina terziaria con un perossido, come ad esempio l'acqua ossigenata, si provoca l'ossidazione dell'azoto amminico. Portando successivamente l'ossido dell'ammina così ottenuto alla temperatura di circa 100-170 °C, se possiede almeno un idrogeno in posizione β, subisce decomposizione termica con formazione di una N,N-dialchilidrossilammina e di un alchene. Quest'ultima reazione rappresenta l'eliminazione di Cope.

Lo stato di transizione implica una disposizione planare dei cinque atomi coinvolti e lo spostamento ciclico di sei elettroni, e la reazione risulta quindi essere di tipo periciclico e a stereoselettività sin.

Nel caso in cui gli idrogeni in posizione β siano più di uno, non c'è preferenza per uno rispetto ad un altro, tranne nel caso in cui il doppio legame che si forma è coniugato con un anello aromatico. Per questo motivo generalmente la reazione di Cope viene utilizzata come metodo di preparazione solo quando si può ottenere come prodotto un solo alchene, e cioè quando vi è un solo idrogeno β.

Bibliografia

  • William H. Brown, Christopher S. Foote e Brent L. Iverson, Ammine, in Chimica organica, III, EdiSES s.r.l., 2006.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

  Portale Chimica: il portale della scienza della composizione, delle proprietà e delle trasformazioni della materia

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