Mercato comune dell'Africa orientale e meridionale

Mercato comune dell'Africa orientale e meridionale
(EN) Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
Stati membri; in verde più chiaro gli ex membri
Tipoarea di commercio preferenziale
Fondazione1994
Sede centraleZambia (bandiera) Lusaka
Area di azioneAfrica orientale e meridionale
Membri19 stati
Sito web
Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale

Il Mercato comune dell'Africa orientale e meridionale (in inglese: Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, (COMESA), è un'area di commercio preferenziale con 19 stati membri che si snodano dalla Libia allo Zimbabwe. Il COMESA fu creato nel dicembre 1994, in sostituzione di un'area di commercio preferenziale già esistente dal 1981. Nove degli stati membri formarono un'area di libero scambio nel 2000; Ruanda e Burundi aderirono a tale area nel 2004; Comore e Libia nel 2006.

Il COMESA è uno dei pilastri della Comunità economica africana.

Nel 2008 il COMESA ha aderito all'Area di libero scambio africana (AFTZ), che include i membri di altri due blocchi commerciali africani: la Comunità dell'Africa orientale (EAC) e la Comunità di sviluppo dell'Africa meridionale (SADC).

Membri

Membri attuali:

Membri precedenti:

Struttura

Organi con poteri decisionali e operativi sulla base dei trattati costitutivi:

  • l'Autorità del COMESA (COMESA Authority), composta dai capi di Stato o di Governo
  • il Consiglio dei ministri del COMESA (COMESA Council of Ministers)
  • la Corte di giustizia del COMESA (COMESA Court of Justice)
  • il Comitato dei governatori delle banche centrali (Committee of Governors of Central Banks)

Organi con compiti consultivi:

  • il Comitato inter-governativo (Inter-governmental Committee)
  • i Dodici comitati tecnici (Twelve Technical Committees)
  • il Comitato consultivo della comunità d'affari e di altri gruppi d'interesse (Consultative Committee of the Business Community and other Interest Groups)
  • il Segretariato del COMESA (COMESA Secretariat); il Segretario Generale (Secretary General) è nominato dall'Autorità per un periodo di cinque anni.

Altri enti creati per promuovere lo sviluppo:

  • la Banca per il commercio e lo sviluppo del COMESA (COMESA Trade and Development Bank) a Nairobi, Kenya
  • la Stanza di compensazione del COMESA (COMESA Clearing House) ad Harare, Zimbabwe
  • l'Associazione delle banche commerciali del COMESA (COMESA Association of Commercial Banks) ad Harare, Zimbabwe
  • l'Istituto conciario del COMESA (COMESA Leather Institute) in Etiopia
  • la Società di riassicurazione del COMESA (COMESA Re-Insurance Company - ZEP-RE) a Nairobi, Kenya

Confronto con altri blocchi regionali

Comunità economica africana
Blocchi
regionali
pilastro 		Area
(km²) 		Popolazione PIL (PPP)
(USD) 		Stati
membri
in milioni pro capite
AEC 29 910 442 853 520 010 2 053 706 2 406 53
ECOWAS 5 112 903 251 646 263 342 519 1 361 15
ECCAS 6 667 421 121 245 958 175 928 1 451 11
SADC 9 882 959 233 944 179 737 335 3 152 15
EAC 1 817 945 124 858 568 104 239 1 065 5
COMESA 12 873 957 406 102 471 735 599 1 811 20
IGAD 5 233 604 187 969 775 225 049 1 197 7
Sahara
occidentale 1 		266 000 273 008 ? ? N/A 2
Altri
blocchi
africani 		Area
(km²) 		Popolazione PIL (PPP)
(USD) 		Stati
membri
in milioni pro capite
CEMAC 3 3 020 142 34 970 529 85 136 2 435 6
SACU 3 2 693 418 51 055 878 541 433 10 605 5
UEMOA 3 3 505 375 80 865 222 101 640 1 257 8
AMU 4 5 782 140 84 185 073 491 276 5 836 5
GAFTA 5 5 876 960 166 259 603 635 450 3 822 5
1 territorio conteso tra Marocco e La Repubblica Democratica Araba dei Sahrawi che è uno dei firmatari dell'AEC, ma non
partecipa ancora ad alcun blocco

2 La maggioranza dei territori è sotto il controllo del Marocco mentre la zona cuscinetto e sorvegliata dal Marocco con drone e truppe per evitare intrusione da parte del Fronte Polisario.
3 Blocco economico all'interno di un pilastro
4 Proposto come pilastro, rifiuta la partecipazione all'AEC per l'opposizione del Marocco
5 I membri non africani della GAFTA sono esclusi dai dati

     Valore inferiore tra i blocchi a confronto

     Valore superiore tra i blocchi a confronto

Durante il 2004. Fonte: CIA World Factbook 2005, IMF WEO Database

Questo box: vedi • disc. • mod.

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