Ivan Vladimirovič Mičurin

Ivan Mičurin

Ivan Vladimirovič Mičurin (in russo Иван Владимирович Мичурин?; Dolgoe, 27 ottobre 1855Mičurinsk, 7 giugno 1935) è stato un agronomo, botanico e genetista russo, membro onorario dell'Accademia delle scienze dell'URSS, dell'Accademia pansovietica Lenin dell'Agricoltura ed insignito del premio Lenin nel 1931.

Biografia

Busto di Ivan Mičurin, di fronte all'Università di Mosca

Nato nel 1855 a Dolgoe nell'oblast' di Orël (regione della Russia europea), nel 1875 il giovane Mičurin iniziò a raccogliere, in un piccolo appezzamento di terreno varie specie di piante, sperimentando innesti e metodi di selezione e coltivazione. Nel 1899, disponendo di una superficie più estesa, poté proseguire e ampliare le sue ricerche.

Agli inizi degli anni venti, terminata la guerra civile, con il consolidarsi del regime sovietico, Mičurin ricevette l'incoraggiamento del nuovo governo e i mezzi per proseguire i suoi studi coordinando anche l'attività di altri centri di ricerca agricola. I suoi sforzi riuscirono a produrre varietà di piante da frutto migliori e più adatte alle particolari condizioni ambientali e climatiche della Russia continentale.

Le sue teorie, a supporto dei risultati raggiunti, fondate sulla prevalenza dell'ambiente nella trasmissione dei caratteri ereditari delle piante e ispirate al lamarckismo, furono riprese in epoca staliniana dall'agronomo Lysenko e utilizzate nella polemica contro la genetica classica mendeliana, accusata di essere una "pseudoscienza borghese". Una delle vittime più illustri della polemica, tra gli scienziati di scuola mendeliana, fu l'agronomo e botanico Nikolaj Vavilov, arrestato, imprigionato e morto in carcere nel 1943.

Una città della Russia europea, Kozlov, nell'oblast' di Tambov, fu ribattezzata Mičurinsk in suo onore nel 1932, e in questa stessa città Mičurin morì, a settantanove anni, nel 1935. Nel 1948 il regista sovietico Aleksandr Dovženko ha realizzato il film Mičurin, sulla vita dello scienziato russo, interpretato da Grigorij Belov, Sergej Bondarčuk, Fëdor Grigor'ev e Vladimir Isaev[1].

Note

  1. ^ Vedi scheda e recensione sul sito Filmtv.it

Bibliografia

  • Julian Huxley, La genetica sovietica e la scienza. Il caso Lysenko: un dibattito che continua. Milano, Longanesi, 1977.
  • Ludovico Geymonat, I rapporti fra scienza e filosofia in URSS in Storia del pensiero filosofico e scientifico, volume VI, Milano, Garzanti, 1988.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN59876605 · ISNI (EN0000 0000 8243 3790 · SBN IEIV010196 · LCCN (ENn82220506 · GND (DE118582828 · BNE (ESXX4708486 (data) · J9U (ENHE987007273120705171 · NSK (HR000096328 · NDL (ENJA00524443 · CONOR.SI (SL24708195

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