Inalante

Alcuni dei contenuti riportati potrebbero generare situazioni di pericolo o danni. Le informazioni hanno solo fine illustrativo, non esortativo né didattico. L'uso di Wikipedia è a proprio rischio: leggi le avvertenze.
Prodotti domestici comuni come lo smalto per unghie contengono solventi che possono essere inalati. L'uso e l'abuso di prodotti in questa modalità può essere dannoso o letale

Gli inalanti sono una vasta serie di prodotti chimici domestici e industriali i cui vapori volatili o gas pressurizzati sono concentrati e respirati attraverso il naso o la bocca per produrre un'intossicazione ed effetti psicoattivi, facendone un uso improprio rispetto a ciò per cui la sostanza è venduta.

Utilizzo

Vengono inalati a temperatura ambiente attraverso la volatilizzazione (nel caso di benzina o acetone) o da un contenitore pressurizzato (come ad esempio ossido di azoto o butano) e non includono sostanze che vengono inalate dopo la loro combustione o il loro riscaldamento. Ad esempio, nitrito di amile (poppers), protossido di azoto e toluene - un solvente ampiamente utilizzato nel cemento a contatto e nella colla - sono considerati inalanti, ma il tabacco da fumo, cannabis e crack non lo sono, anche se queste vengono inalate attraverso il fumo della loro combustione fumo.[1][2]

Una serie di prodotti a base di petrolio che possono essere abusati come sostanze inalanti

Mentre un piccolo numero di sostanze inalanti sono prescritti e usati dai medici e utilizzati per scopi terapeutici, come nel caso del protossido di azoto (un ansiolitico e antidolorifico prescritto dai dentisti), i propellenti domestici e industriali come colle, combustibili e altri prodotti simili vengono utilizzati per produrre intossicazione o altri effetti psicoattivi, con un utilizzo come droghe ricreative. Gli utilizzatori degli inalanti inalano gas propellenti di vapori o aerosol utilizzando sacchetti di plastica tenuti sopra la bocca o respirando da uno straccio imbevuto di solvente o da un contenitore aperto. Le pratiche sono conosciute colloquialmente in lingua inglese come "sniffing", "huffing" o "bagging".

Effetti

Gli effetti delle inalazioni vanno da un'intossicazione con effetti simili a quella alcolica, a un'euforia intensa e allucinazioni, a seconda della sostanza e della dose inalata. Gli inalanti sono generalmente tossici per l'organismo a causa degli effetti dannosi dei solventi, dei gas o ad altre sostanze chimiche utilizzate nei prodotti che si inalano. Tali sostanze possono causare ipossia (mancanza di ossigeno), polmonite, insufficienza o arresto cardiaco[3]. Il danno cerebrale può insorgere con l'uso cronico a lungo termine di solventi.[4]

Giurisdizione

Anche se molti inalanti sono legali, in alcune giurisdizioni sono state intraprese azioni legali per limitare l'accesso da parte dei minori a tali sostanze. Mentre la colla a solvente è un prodotto venduto legalmente, un tribunale scozzese ha stabilito che la vendita di colla ai bambini è illegale se il negozio sa che i bambini intendono abusare della colla. Negli Stati Uniti, trentotto dei 50 stati hanno promulgato leggi che rendono indisponibili vari inalanti per i minori di 18 anni o che rendono illegale l'uso di inalanti.

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Michael B. First e Allan Tasman, Clinical Guide to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Disorders, John Wiley & Sons, 8 febbraio 2010, ISBN 9780470745205. URL consultato il 22 marzo 2018.
  2. ^ (EN) Joyce H. Lowinson, Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005, ISBN 9780781734745. URL consultato il 22 marzo 2018.
  3. ^ GDCADA | Inhalants - Facts and Statistics, su gdcada.org, 8 aprile 2009. URL consultato il 22 marzo 2018 (archiviato dall'url originale l'8 aprile 2009).
  4. ^ Inhalants: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, 6 dicembre 2017. URL consultato il 22 marzo 2018.

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