Immunità passiva

L'immunità passiva è il trasferimento dell'immunità umorale attiva tramite anticorpi preformati.

L'immunità passiva può verificarsi in modo naturale, quando gli anticorpi materni vengono trasferiti al feto attraverso la placenta, o può essere indotta artificialmente, quando vengono trasferiti alti livelli di anticorpi specifici verso un agente patogeno o una tossina (ottenuti da esseri umani, cavalli o altri animali) a persone non immuni, attraverso emoderivati contenenti anticorpi, come nella terapia con immunoglobuline o sieroprofilassi con immunoglobuline iperimmuni.[1]

L'immunizzazione passiva viene utilizzata quando davanti ad un alto rischio di infezione il tempo è ritenuto insufficiente per l'organismo a sviluppare la propria risposta immunitaria, oppure per ridurre i sintomi di malattie in corso o immunodepressive.[2]

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Vaccines: Vac-Gen/Immunity Types, su cdc.gov, 15 novembre 2019. URL consultato il 3 maggio 2020.
  2. ^ Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology - School of Medicine | University of South Carolina, su sc.edu. URL consultato il 3 maggio 2020.

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