Idillio

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Idillio (disambigua).
Disambiguazione – "Idilli" rimanda qui. Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Idilli (disambigua).
Idillio (1880 circa), dipinto storico generalmente rappresentativo di una poesia "idilliaca", realizzato dal pittore vittoriano Sir Frederic Leighton.

L'idillio è un componimento poetico di brevi dimensioni, con spiccate caratteristiche soggettive.

Il nome deriva dal greco antico εἰδύλλιον, diminutivo di εἶδος = immagine, e quindi quadretto o bozzetto. Fu usato per la prima volta, forse, dal grammatico Artemidoro di Tarso[1] per definire i carmi scritti da Teocrito nel III secolo a.C.

Una parte dei testi di Teocrito (ovvero i carmi I e III-XI)[2] presenta un'ambientazione pastorale, che poi per estensione è stata considerata una caratteristica dell'idillio, o del "carme bucolico".

Nella letteratura italiana, l'aggettivo "idillico" si usa per definire espressioni poetiche (per esempio nella poesia lirica di modello petrarchesco, nella Gerusalemme liberata o nella favola pastorale Aminta di Torquato Tasso) che presentano un'ambientazione naturale svolta in toni idealizzati, come mondo di pace e armonia contrapposto alla realtà.

In epoca moderna sei poesie di Leopardi, composte negli anni 1819-21, vennero dall'autore stesso definite idilli[3] come si vede chiaramente nei manoscritti;[4] in seguito il critico De Sanctis attribuì lo stesso nome, preceduto dall'aggettivo "grandi", ai Canti composti negli anni 1829-31 nei quali riconobbe caratteri affini a quelli dei "primi" o "piccoli" idilli. Con Leopardi, comunque, l'idillio viene a perdere ogni legame con il modello ellenistico e bucolico e diventa un genere in cui esprimere la propria interiorità traendo spunto da una contemplazione del mondo naturale. Infatti, in un appunto dei Disegni letterari (1828) il poeta scrive: «idilli esprimenti situazioni, affezioni, avventure storiche del mio animo».

Note

  1. ^ Suo figlio Teone, vissuto al tempo di Augusto, curò l'edizione dei carmi di Teocrito che fu conosciuta di Virgilio.
  2. ^ Raffaele Cantarella, Letteratura greca, Roma, Società editrice Dante Alighieri, 1985, p. 465, SBN UBO0138603.
  3. ^ L'infinito, Alla luna, La sera del dì di festa, Il sogno, La vita solitaria e il frammento Lo spavento notturno.
  4. ^ L'Infinito (1819), Biblioteca Nazionale di Napoli. URL consultato il 17 aprile 2016.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  • Idillio, in Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. URL consultato il 18 aprile 2016.

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