František Hrubín

František Hrubín

František Hrubín (Praga, 17 settembre 1910České Budějovice, 1º marzo 1971) è stato un poeta e scrittore ceco.

Biografia

Hrubín trascorse la sua infanzia presso la famiglia materna a Lešany, dove frequentò la scuola elementare e visse quelle esperienze ed emozioni che rimasero impresse nella sua memoria e risultarono fonte di ispirazione per gran parte della sua vita letteraria, assieme alle immagini della campagna boema ed a quelle di Praga dal secondo dopoguerra fino alla sua morte.[1]

Hrubín ritornò a Praga per iscriversi alle scuole superiori e all'Università Carolina, presso la quale dal 1932, frequentò la facoltà di filosofia, che abbandonò prima di laurearsi.[2]

Nel 1934 si impiegò alla Biblioteca Comunale di Praga e successivamente al ministero dell'Informazione.[1]

Nel 1956 criticò, assieme a Jaroslav Seifert, il regime comunista che governava in quegli anni il suo Paese.[2]

La carriera di Hrubín si può suddividere in tre periodi creativi: il primo, dagli esordi fino alla metà degli anni trenta ed il terzo, dalla metà degli anni cinquanta in poi, si caratterizzarono per una maggiore propensione all'ottimismo, alla fiducia per la natura e per l'uomo, sottolineata dalle mirabili descrizioni di paesaggi naturali e da immagini sensuali.[3]

Nella fase poetica intermedia Hrubín, invece, venne influenzato dalla drammatica situazione politica, sociale, storica, causata dalle dittature europee e dalla seconda guerra mondiale, e dai conseguenti eventi ed episodi personali di vita luttuosa, tragica e disperata.[3]

Questa varietà e completezza contenutistica, unita ad uno stile melodioso e ritmico ed a peculiarità sintattiche e semantiche resero Hrubín uno dei più importanti letterati del suo Paese.[3]

Tra le sue opere più significative si possono citare: Zpíváno z dálky ("Cantato da lontano", 1933) e Krásná po chudobě ("Bella in povertà", 1935), entrambe incentrate sulle tematiche sociali, relazionali, affettive ed ambientali; Země po polednách ("La terra nei meriggi", 1937), invece si distinse per le innovazioni stilistiche e per le metafore; Včelí plást ("Il favo delle api", 1940), Země sudička ("La terra Parca", 1941), Mávnutí křídel ("Sventolio di ali", 1944), Cikády ("Cicale", 1944), Řeka nezapomnění ("Il fiume del non-oblio", 1946), Nesmírný krásný život ("L'immensa bella vita", 1947), Hirošima ("Hiroshima", 1948), sono intrise di rievocazioni belliche che ruotano attorno ai grandi temi quali la natura, l'amore, la morte; Můj zpěv ("Il mio canto", 1956) e Romance pro křídlovku ("Romanza per un filicorno", 1962), esaltano il trionfo dell'amore, del bene, della bontà sulla morte, distruzione e cattiveria umana.[4]

Sono da ricordare le collaborazioni di Hrubín con numerose riviste e la direzione di Malý čtenář ("Piccolo lettore", 1940–1941) e Mateřídouška ("Timo", 1945–1948), oltreché la sua attività di scrittore della letteratura per l'infanzia.

Nel 1966 lo Stato gli conferì il titolo di Artista nazionale.

Opere

Raccolte di poesie

  • Zpíváno z dálky, 1933.
  • Krásná po chudobě, 1935.
  • Země po polednách, 1937.
  • Včelí plást, 1940.
  • Země sudička, 1941.
  • Mávnutí křídel, 1944.
  • Cikády, 1944.
  • Jobova noc, 1945.
  • Chléb s ocelí, 1945.
  • Hirošima, 1948.
  • Proměna, 1957.
  • Až do konce lásky, 1961.
  • Romance pro křídlovku, 1962.
  • Černá denice, 1968.
  • Lešanské jesličky, 1970.

Prosa

  • U stolu, 1958.
  • Zlatá reneta, 1964.

Drammaturgia

  • Srpnová neděle, 1958.
  • Křišťálová noc, 1961.
  • Oldřich a Božena, 1984.

Letteratura per l'infanzia

  • Říkejte si se mnou, 1943.
  • Nesu, nesu kvítí, 1951.
  • Špalíček veršů a pohádek, 1957.
  • Běží, ovce běží, 1957.

Note

  1. ^ a b František Hrubín - Básník, dramatik, překladatel a prozaik (Poeta, drammaturgo, traduttore e scrittore - in lingua ceca), su slovnikceskeliteratury.cz. URL consultato il 30 luglio 2016.
  2. ^ a b František Hrubín - (17.9.1910-1.3.1971): Romance pro básníka… (Romance per un poeta - in lingua ceca), su zivotopisyonline.cz. URL consultato il 30 luglio 2016.
  3. ^ a b c le muse, VI, Novara, De Agostini, 1964, p. 13.
  4. ^ František Hrubín, in Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. URL consultato il 1º agosto 2016.

Bibliografia

  • (CS) Vladimír Forst, Lexikon české literatury, H-L, Praga, Academia, 1993.
  • (CS) Iva Málková, František Hrubín z archivních fondů, Ostrava, Filozofická fakulta Ostravské univerzity, 2011.
  • (CS) Iva Málková, Adresát František Hrubín, Ostrava, Filozofická fakulta Ostravské univerzity, 2011.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN24614627 · ISNI (EN0000 0000 8365 0981 · LCCN (ENn50069994 · GND (DE118775170 · BNF (FRcb12023629z (data) · J9U (ENHE987007574586205171 · NDL (ENJA00443893

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