Equazione di Clausius-Mossotti

In fisica, l'equazione di Clausius-Mossotti, il cui nome è dovuto a Rudolf Clausius e Ottaviano Fabrizio Mossotti, lega la costante dielettrica di un mezzo alle grandezze microscopiche elettromeccaniche che lo caratterizzano, in particolare la densità e la polarizzabilità. Si tratta di una relazione che può essere scritta anche attraverso l'utilizzo dell'indice di rifrazione o della conduttività elettrica: nel primo caso viene detta equazione di Lorentz-Lorenz, da Hendrik Lorentz e Ludvig Lorenz che la scoprirono indipendentemente, mentre quando si considera la conduttività elettrica è chiamata formula di Maxwell (da James Clerk Maxwell).

Da un punto di vista storico, Mossotti analizzò la relazione tra le costanti dielettriche di due diversi mezzi nel 1850,[1] mentre Clausius scrisse la formula per esplicito nel 1879 in termini di indici di rifrazione.[2]

L'equazione

In un dielettrico lineare, omogeneo ed isotropo, l'equazione di Clausius-Mossotti è la seguente:

dove:

Fattore di Clausius–Mossotti

Il fattore di Clausius–Mossotti descrive il comportamento di una particella soggetta ad una forza dielettroforetica e posta in un dielettrico dispersivo. Data una sfera di dielettrico perfetto con permittività elettrica immersa in un mezzo con permittività complessa , il fattore di Clausius–Mossotti è dato da:[3]

con:

dove è la conduttività elettrica e la frequenza angolare del campo elettrico applicato.

La parte reale è un fattore che determina la direzione e l'intensità della forza dielettroforetica agente sulla particella, mentre la parte immaginaria si relaziona con il suo momento torcente.

Indice di rifrazione

L'equazione di Lorentz–Lorenz mette in relazione l'indice di rifrazione e la polarizzabilità media :

dove è il numero di molecole per unità di volume.[4][5]

In una forma più particolare l'equazione fornisce l'indice di rifrazione di un gas diluito:

dove è la polarizzabilità totale di una mole di sostanza, la pressione del gas, la costante universale dei gas e la temperatura assoluta.

Note

  1. ^ O. F. Mossotti, Mem. di mathem. e fisica in Modena, 24 11, 1850, p. 49.
  2. ^ R. Clausius, Die mechanische U’grmetheorie, 2, 1879, p. 62.
  3. ^ Michael Pycraft Hughes, AC electrokinetics: applications for nanotechnology, in Nanotechnology, vol. 11, n. 2, 2000, pp. 124–132, DOI:10.1088/0957-4484/11/2/314. URL consultato il 1º maggio 2019 (archiviato dall'url originale il 30 novembre 2020).
  4. ^ Introduction to Solid State Physics/Charles Kittel. - 7th ed. (ISBN 0-471-11181-3) Chapter 13, or 8th ed. (ISBN 0-471-41526-X) p. 464
  5. ^ D. E. Aspnes, Am. J. Phys. 50, 704 (1982)

Bibliografia

  • (EN) O. F. Mossotti, Mem. di mathem. e fisica in Modena, 24 11, 1850, p. 49.
  • (EN) R. Clausius, Die mechanische U’grmetheorie, 2, 1879, p. 62.
  • (EN) Leighton, R. B.; Sands, M Feynman, R. P., Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol. 2, chap. 32 (Refractive Index of Dense Materials), sec. 3, Addison Wesley, 1989, ISBN 0-201-50064-7.
  • (EN) Markov, Konstantin Z., Elementary Micromechanics of Heterogeneous Media (PDF), in Konstantin Z. Markov and Luigi Preziosi (a cura di), 'Heterogeneous Media: Modelling and Simulation', Boston, Birkhauser, 2000, pp. 1–162, ISBN 978-0-8176-4083-5 (archiviato dall'url originale il 17 luglio 2012).
  • (EN) Gimsa, J., Characterization of particles and biological cells by AC-electrokinetics, in A.V. Delgado (a cura di), Interfacial Electrokinetics and Electrophoresis, New York, Marcel Dekker Inc., 2001, pp. 369–400, ISBN 0-8247-0603-X.
  • (EN) Charles Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th, Wiley, 1995, ISBN 0-471-41526-X.
  • (EN) Born, Max, and Wolf, Emil, Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light (7th ed.), section 2.3.3, Cambridge University Press (1999) ISBN 0-521-64222-1

Voci correlate

  Portale Elettromagnetismo: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di elettromagnetismo

Read other articles:

Municipality in Møre og Romsdal, Norway This article is about the municipality in Møre og Romsdal, Norway. For the town, see Ålesund (town). For the settlement in Svalbard, see Ny-Ålesund. Municipality in Møre og Romsdal, NorwayÅlesund Municipality Ålesund kommuneMunicipalityAalesund  (historic name)Part of town seen from Aksla viewpoint Coat of armsMøre og Romsdal within NorwayÅlesund within Møre og RomsdalCoordinates: 62°28′40″N 06°11′25″E / 62....

 

Danish architect The Grande Arche in Puteaux - his best-known design. Spreckelsen's childhood home in Viborg Johan Otto von Spreckelsen (4 May 1929 — 16 March 1987) was a Danish architect, best known for designing the Grande Arche of La Défense in Puteaux, near Paris. He directed the creation of several modern churches in Denmark.[1][2] Life He was born in Viborg and studied at the Viborg Katedralskole and Royal Academy of Arts in Copenhagen. He later became associate profe...

 

Department of Education in Gauteng Gauteng Department of EducationDepartment overviewFormed1994Preceding DepartmentTransvaal Education DepartmentJurisdictionGovernment of GautengHeadquarters17 Simmonds Street, Marshalltown, Johannesburg, 2000Annual budgetR63.4 billion (2023)Member of the Executive Council responsibleMatome ChiloaneDepartment executiveRufus Mmutlana (Acting), Head of DepartmentWebsiteeducation.gauteng.gov.za The Gauteng Department of Education is a provincial government depart...

?Tretanorhinus mocquardi Охоронний статус Даних недостатньо (МСОП 3.1)[1] Біологічна класифікація Домен: Еукаріоти (Eukaryota) Царство: Тварини (Animalia) Тип: Хордові (Chordata) Клас: Плазуни (Reptilia) Ряд: Лускаті (Squamata) Інфраряд: Змії (Serpentes) Родина: Полозові (Colubridae) Підродина: Дипсадинові (Dipsadinae) ...

 

Tårup Parochie van Denemarken Situering Bisdom Bisdom Viborg Gemeente Viborg Coördinaten 56°32'20,000NB, 9°16'31,001OL Algemeen Inwoners (2004) 432 Leden Volkskerk (2004) 393 Overig Kerken Tårup Kirke Proosdij Viborg Domprovsti Pastoraat Tårup-Kvols Foto's Portaal    Denemarken Tårup is een parochie van de Deense Volkskerk in de Deense gemeente Viborg. De parochie maakt deel uit van het bisdom Viborg en telt 393 kerkleden op een bevolking van 432 (2004). Tot 1970 was de paroc...

 

この記事の主題はウィキペディアにおける独立記事作成の目安を満たしていないおそれがあります。目安に適合することを証明するために、記事の主題についての信頼できる二次資料を求めています。なお、適合することが証明できない場合には、記事は統合されるか、リダイレクトに置き換えられるか、さもなくば削除される可能性があります。出典検索?: トンカ...

Sporting event delegationKazakhstan at the1996 Summer OlympicsIOC codeKAZNOCNational Olympic Committee of the Republic of KazakhstanWebsitewww.olympic.kz (in Kazakh, Russian, and English)in AtlantaCompetitors96 (72 men and 24 women) in 14 sportsFlag bearer Yermakhan IbraimovMedalsRanked 24th Gold 3 Silver 4 Bronze 4 Total 11 Summer Olympics appearances (overview)19962000200420082012201620202024Other related appearances Russian Empire (1900–1912) Soviet Union (1952–1988...

 

Portuguese football association Associação de Futebol do AlgarveAbbreviationAF AlgarveFormation1922PurposeDistrict Football AssociationHeadquartersComplexo Desportivo de FaroLocation8000 - 788 FaroPortugalPresidentAntónio Coelho MatosaWebsiteafalgarve.pt Estádio Algarve The Associação de Futebol do Algarve (Algarve Football Association) is one of the 22 District Football Associations that are affiliated to the Portuguese Football Federation. The AF Algarve administers lower tier footbal...

 

بنجامين هارفي هيل (بالإنجليزية: Benjamin Harvey Hill)‏    معلومات شخصية الميلاد 14 سبتمبر 1823  مقاطعة جاسبر  الوفاة 16 أغسطس 1882 (58 سنة)   غيرلي  مواطنة الولايات المتحدة  مناصب عضو مجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي[1]   عضو خلال الفترة4 مارس 1877  – 4 مارس 1879  الدائرة الإنتخابي...

I Nyoman SuadnyanaDanpusdik KodiklatauMasa jabatan23 Februari 2021 – 21 Januari 2022PendahuluJabatan baruPenggantiBayu Giharta Hanantya Kusuma Informasi pribadiLahir24 September 1968 (umur 55)Tabanan, BaliKebangsaanIndonesiaSuami/istriNi Made Duwi Murni, S.E.AnakI Nyoman Tristan WidyadhanaI Putu Navian YogasvaraKadek Ayu Dea Amelia PutriAlma materAkademi Angkatan Udara (1992)Karier militerPihak IndonesiaDinas/cabang TNI Angkatan UdaraMasa dinas1992—sekarangPangkat ...

 

Fourth-generation Toyota Yaris For the performance-oriented variant, see Toyota GR Yaris. Motor vehicle Toyota Yaris (XP210)2020 Toyota Yaris Design Hybrid (MXPH11, UK)OverviewManufacturerToyotaAlso calledMazda2 Hybrid (Europe, 2022–present)ProductionFebruary 2020 – presentAssemblyJapan: Kanegasaki, Iwate (TMEJ)[1]France: Onnaing (TMMF)[2]Czech Republic: Kolín (TMMCZ)[3]DesignerMario Majdandžić[4]Body and chassisClassSubcompact car / Supermini (B)Bo...

 

General-purpose mobile robot Shakey the mobile robotShakey the Robot in its display case at the Computer History Museum.ManufacturerSRI InternationalYear of creation1966 - 1972Replaced byFlakey the robot Shakey the Robot was the first general-purpose mobile robot able to reason about its own actions. While other robots would have to be instructed on each individual step of completing a larger task, Shakey could analyze commands and break them down into basic chunks by itself. Due to its natur...

1876 two-volume work listing an overview of English women artists English female artists, in two volumes AuthorEllen Creathorne ClaytonCountryUnited KingdomLanguageEnglish languageGenreArt historyPublisherTinsley BrothersPublication date1876Pages369 & 331OCLC608634722 English Female Artists, in two volumes, assembled and edited by Ellen Creathorne Clayton, lists an overview of prominent English women painters up to 1876, the year of publication. The purpose of the book was to provide a ro...

 

Anglo–German textile merchant Sir Jacob BehrensBornJacob Behrens(1806-11-13)13 November 1806Bad Pyrmont, GermanyDied22 April 1889(1889-04-22) (aged 82)Torquay, EnglandNationalityBritish / GermanKnown forTextile merchantEducatorPhilanthropist Sir Jacob Behrens (13 November 1806 – 22 April 1889) was an Anglo–German textile merchant.[1] His company, Sir Jacob Behrens & Son Ltd., was established in 1834 and still operates today.[2] Behrens was Jewish and was a ...

 

Political party in Ukraine Civil Position/Civic Position Громадянська позиціяLeaderAnatoliy HrytsenkoFoundedMarch 2005IdeologyConservative liberalism[1]Economic liberalismCentrismPro-Europeanism[1]Political positionCentreEuropean affiliationAlliance of Liberals and Democrats for EuropeColoursYellow and BlueVerkhovna Rada0 / 450Regions[2]135 / 43,122 Party flagWebsitegp.org.uaPolitics of UkrainePolitical partiesElections Civil Position or Civ...

Artikel ini perlu diwikifikasi agar memenuhi standar kualitas Wikipedia. Anda dapat memberikan bantuan berupa penambahan pranala dalam, atau dengan merapikan tata letak dari artikel ini. Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut, klik [tampil] di bagian kanan. Mengganti markah HTML dengan markah wiki bila dimungkinkan. Tambahkan pranala wiki. Bila dirasa perlu, buatlah pautan ke artikel wiki lainnya dengan cara menambahkan [[ dan ]] pada kata yang bersangkutan (lihat WP:LINK untuk keterangan lebih lanjut...

 

Papa Giovanni VIIMosaico raffigurante Giovanni VII conservato nei Musei Vaticani86º papa della Chiesa cattolicaElezione1º marzo 705 Fine pontificato18 ottobre 707 Cardinali creativedi categoria Predecessorepapa Giovanni VI Successorepapa Sisinnio  NascitaRossano, 650 MorteRoma, 18 ottobre 707 SepolturaAntica basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano Manuale Giovanni VII (Rossano, 650 – Roma, 18 ottobre 707) è stato l'86º papa della Chiesa cattolica, dal 1º marzo 705 alla sua morte[1&...

 

2002 Indian filmDevaTheatrical release posterDevaDirected bySujit GuhaWritten byAR MurugadossScreenplay byAR MurugadossStory byAR MurugadossBased onDheena (Tamil)Produced byUdhayanidhi StalinNispal SinghStarringProsenjit ChatterjeeVictor BanerjeeNarrated byAR MurugadossCinematographySantosh SivanEdited byRam TalluriMusic byBappi LahiriProductioncompaniesRed Giant MoviesSurinder FilmsDistributed byRed Giant MoviesRelease date6 December 2002CountryIndiaLanguageBengali Deva is a 2002 Indian Beng...

Borough and non-metropolitan district in EnglandTest Valley Borough of Test ValleyBorough and non-metropolitan districtTest Valley shown within HampshireSovereign stateUnited KingdomConstituent countryEnglandRegionSouth East EnglandNon-metropolitan countyHampshireStatusNon-metropolitan districtAdmin HQAndoverIncorporated1 April 1974Government • TypeNon-metropolitan district council • BodyTest Valley Borough Council • MPsKit MalthouseCaroline NokesArea ...

 

Semi-automatic pistol Smith & Wesson SW1911 Smith & Wesson SW1911TypeSemi-automatic pistolPlace of originUnited StatesProduction historyManufacturerSmith & WessonProduced2003–presentVariantsSee VariantsSpecificationsMass29.6–41 oz.Length7.8–8.87 in. (19.8–22.1 cm)Barrel length4.25–5 in. (10.8–12.7 cm)Cartridge 9×19mm Luger .45 ACP ActionSingle ActionFeed system7-, 8-, or 10-round detachable box magazines The SW1911 (Smith & Wesson) is...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!