Eobano di Utrecht

Sant'Eobano

Vescovo e martire

 
NascitaInghilterra
MorteDokkum, 5 giugno 754
Venerato daChiesa cattolica
Ricorrenza5 giugno

Eobano di Utrecht, in tedesco Eoban (Inghilterra, ... – Dokkum, 5 giugno 754), fu un sacerdote inglese che si trasferì sul continente al seguito di san Bonifacio; divenne vescovo di Utrecht e morì martire con Bonifacio accompagnandolo in una missione presso i Frisoni.

Biografia

Eobano era un sacerdote che si trasferì sul continente al seguito di san Bonifacio. Nella sua missione presso i Frisoni funse da corepiscopo, prima di diventare, nel 753 vescovo di Utrecht.[1]

Il 5 giugno 754 (o 755) egli ed i suoi compagni (secondo san Villibaldo più di 50 persone) furono uccisi dai Frisoni pagani sulle rive del fiume Boorne presso Dokkum (Paesi Bassi). Era il giorno in cui egli doveva amministrare la Cresima ad alcuni frisoni del luogo, già in precedenza battezzati.

Se la sua morte si possa considerare in senso proprio un martirio o se potesse essersi trattato anche di un'aggressione per rapina, è questione teologica. Le più recenti ricerche sono giunte alla conclusione, che gli assassini erano Frisoni pagani e che erano pienamente consapevoli di con chi avevano a che fare, ma approfittarono anche dell'occasione per fare un buon bottino.[2]

Culto ad Erfurt

Dopo il 756 i resti dei vescovi Adelario ed Eobano di Utrecht furono traslati a Fulda ed inumati vicino a quelli di San Bonifacio. Prima del 1100 devono essere poi stati nuovamente traslati, allora ad Erfurt. In ogni caso è in quel periodo che inizia il culto delle reliquie di san Bonifacio ad Erfurt.

Il sarcofago-reliquiario del santi Adelario ed Eobano, siti nel duomo di Erfurt, sono datati dal 1350.

Note

  1. ^ Bonifatius, epistolae 109, ed. M. Tangl. In: MGH Epistolae selectae, Bd. 1. Weidmann, Berlin 1916, S. 234-236, hier S. 235, Z. 3-19 (però senza che venga citato il nome Eobano); Willibald, Vita S. Bonifatii I, c. 8, ed. W. Levison. In: MGH Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum. Hahn, Hannover Leipzig 1905, S. 47 f. mit Anm. 2 (dalla formula latina: quem ad subveniendum suae senilis aetatis debilitate Fresonis, iniuncto sibi episcopio in urbe qui vocatur Trecht, subrogavit non discende necessariamente che Eobano fosse divenuto vescovo quando Bonifacio era ancora vivo. Già da prima questa stessa formula doveva essere entrata in uso come a Magonza, ove san Bonifacio consacrò, con il consenso del papa, il suo allievo Lullo di Magonza a corepiscopo e lo designò come successore, mentre la sua richiesta di ritirarsi dal suo Uffizio era stata respinta.
  2. ^ (DE) Vgl. Gereon Becht-Jördens: Heiliger und Buch. Überlegungen zur Tradition des Bonifacius-Martyriums anläßlich der Teilfaksimilierung des Ragyndrudis-Codex. In: Hessisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte 46, 1996, S. 1-30, hier S. 15-30, bes. S. 18, S. 22 f.; ders.: Die Ermordung des Erzbischofs Bonifatius durch die Friesen. Suche und Ausgestaltung eines Martyriums aus kirchenpolitischer Notwendigkeit?. In: Archiv für mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte 57, 2005, S. 95-132, hier S. 95; S. 123-125.

Bibliografia

in lingua tedesca:

  • Dehio Mitteldeutschland, 1943, S. 94
  • Theodor Schieffer: Winfrid Bonifatius und die christliche Grundlegung Europas. Herder, Freiburg 1954, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1972, S. 254; S. 272 f u. ö.
  • Schubert, Ernst, Der Dom zu Erfurt, Berlin 1992, Abb. 106
  • Wäß, Helga: Reliquiensarkophag für den heiligen Bischof Adolar und seinen heiligen Diakon Eoban, in: Form und Wahrnehmung mitteldeutscher Gedächtnisskulptur im 14. Jahrhundert, hier Bd. 2, Katalog ausgewählter Objekte vom Hohen Mittelalter bis zum Anfang des 15. Jahrhunderts, Bristol, Berlin 2006, S. 156 ff. mit Abbildungen. - ISBN 3-86504-159-0
  • Transkription des Prozessionsprotokolls für den Umgang mit den Reliquien der hll. Adolar und Eoban, in: Helga Wäß: Prozessionsordnung von 1452, in: Form und Wahrnehmung mitteldeutscher Gedächtnisskulptur im 14. Jahrhundert, Bd. 1, Bristol und Berlin 2006, S. 486 ff. - ISBN 3-86504-159-0
  • (DE) Eoban in Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL)

Collegamenti esterni

Predecessore Vescovo di Utrecht Successore
Wera
739753
753 - 754 San Gregorio di Utrecht
754 - 778
Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN317059052 · CERL cnp02127882 · GND (DE1075166667

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