Cono (algebra lineare)

In algebra lineare, un cono è un sottoinsieme C di uno spazio vettoriale V chiuso rispetto alla moltiplicazione per scalari positivi, cioè

Perché questa definizione abbia senso è dunque necessario che nel campo degli scalari sia definito un concetto di "positività", dunque di campo ordinato (come possono essere tipicamente i numeri reali, ma anche i numeri razionali o quelli algebrici).

In modo più compatto, usando la notazione , un cono è determinato dalla proprietà .

Proprietà

I coni sono chiusi rispetto all'unione, l'intersezione e il passaggio al complementare. Inoltre l'immagine di un cono attraverso una applicazione lineare è ancora un cono e l'insieme "somma"

è ancora un cono, così come gli insiemi (anche per scalari negativi) e di conseguenza .

Cono di un insieme

L'insieme azzurro è un cono convesso. L'insieme in viola corrisponde al cono convesso generato da x e y

Il cono di un insieme X è dato dalla chiusura di X rispetto alla operazione che definisce un cono, cioè è l'insieme che contiene i vettori di X e tutti i loro multipli positivi. Con una notazione sintetica analoga a prima, se e il campo è quello reale, il cono generato da X è dato da .

Terminologia

Un cono si dice puntato se contiene l'origine e non contiene nessuna coppia di vettori opposti, cioè .

Un cono C si dice convesso se

per ogni v,w in C e per ogni coppia di scalari (o equivalentemente, se ). Evidentemente, un cono convesso è un insieme convesso e la "somma" di due coni corrisponde al cono convesso generato dalla loro unione.

Ogni sottospazio vettoriale di V è un cono convesso.

Voci correlate

Collegamenti esterni

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