Bankipur (Bengala)

Bankipur (Anche noto come Banquibazar) è un villaggio situato sul fiume Hugli nella regione del Bengala. È soprattutto noto per essere stato il principale insediamento della Compagnia di Ostenda e dell'Impero Austriaco in India.

Pianta del possedimento austriaco a Banquibazar.
Cannone della guarnigione della Compagnia di Ostenda a Banquibazar, unico segno rimasto della colonizzazione austriaca del Bengala.

Attualmente rappresenta un sobborgo di Barrackpore.

Storia

Palazzo del governatore di Banquibazar durante gli anni venti del '700.

La Compagnia di Ostenda, formatasi tra il 1722 e il 1723 in seguito alla nascita dei Paesi Bassi austriaci, iniziò ad inviare navi alla volta della Cina e delle Indie orientali. Possedeva due insediamenti in India: il primo, Cabelon, sulla Costa del Coromandel, e il secondo, Bankipur, noto come Banquibazar, nel Bengala. Quest'ultimo ha rappresentato il più importante tentativo del Colonialismo austriaco di colonizzare il subcontinente indiano. L'insediamento austriaco si trovava tra la Calcutta britannica e la Chinsurah olandese.

Nel luglio del 1727 la bandiera austriaca fu piantata a Banquibazar. Il sito acquisito sulla riva sinistra dell'Hughli, di fronte alla postazione danese, era fertile, sufficientemente elevato e spazioso (400 ettari, otto dei quali di proprietà privata). Comprendeva i villaggi di Banquibazar e Hydsiapur, che potevano fornire manodopera sufficiente per la produzione tessile proposta. A questo scopo venne costruito un complesso industriale in pietra.

Siccome gli inglesi e gli olandesi disdegnavano un'eventuale espansione austriaca, nel 1727, per ottenere la garanzia europea della Prammatica Sanzione, la corte di Vienna deliberò di sacrificare la Compagnia e di sospenderne lo statuto. Andò bancarotta nel 1784 e cessò di esistere nel 1793. Ma nel frattempo nel 1733 gli anglo-olandesi convinsero il generale Moghul di Hughli ad attaccare Banquibazar. La guarnigione austriaca di soli quattordici soldati fuggì e salpò per l'Europa. Così gli interessi coloniali austriaci in India cessarono.

Voci correlate

Collegamenti esterni

  • Georges-Henri Dumont, Banquibazar. La colonisation belge au Bengale au temps de la Compagnie d'Ostende, Bruxelles, Les Ecrits, 1942, 222 p.
  • Norbert Laude, La Compagnie d'Ostende et son activité coloniale au Bengale (1725-1730), Brussel, Van Campenhout, 1944
  • Luc Boeva, De factorij Banquibazar: organisatorische en commerciële aspecten, doctoraal proefschrift, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, 1979
  • Jan Parmentier, De holle compagnie. Smokkel en legale handel onder Zuidnederlandse vlag in Bengalen, ca. 1720-1744, 1992. ISBN 9065501118
  • Laurent De Clercq, Het dagelijks leven in de factorij Banquibazar (1727-1744), onuitgegeven licentiaatsthesis, Universiteit Gent, 2001
  • Michal Wanner, "Bankibazar – Ostend and Imperial Factory in Bengal, 1722-1744" in: Prague Papers on the History of International Relations, 2009, p. 107-118
  • Jan Parmentier en Wim De Winter, Factorijen en forten. Zuid-Nederlanders in achttiende-eeuws India in: Het wiel van Ashoka. Belgisch-Indiase contacten in historisch perspectief, ed. Idesbald Goddeeris, 2013, p. 35-50
  • Wim De Winter, The Ostend Company's Worlds. Courtly Interactions and Local Life in Eighteenth-century Bengal in: An Earthly Paradise. Trade, Politics and Culture in Early Modern Bengal, eds. Raziuddin Aquil en Tilottama Mukherjee, 2020, p. 157-185

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