Arresto

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Arresto (disambigua).
Arresto di Robespierre (Arrestation et tentative de suicide de Robespierre le 17 juillet 1794, anonimo, 1796)

L'arresto, in diritto, indica un istituto giuridico nonché un atto con cui si priva una persona della sua libertà di spostamento.

Finalità

L'istituto ha la finalità di prevenire la fuga di un soggetto, qualora ne ricorrano i presupposti e le condizioni di legge, per impedire la ulteriore commissione di crimini, tutelare lo sviluppo delle indagini preliminari da parte delle forze di polizia, impedendo che la persona possa fuggire sottraendosi alla giustizia o assicurare l'esecuzione della pena inflitta a una persona in caso di condanna con sentenza emessa dalla autorità giudiziaria.

Nel mondo

La legge, che potrebbe cambiare nei vari Stati del mondo prevede i termini di arresto e detenzione. In particolare si concentra sul determinare chi ha il potere di arrestare. Determina inoltre le circostanze (tipo di prova, sospetto o ragionevole motivo, violazione di quali leggi, esistenza di un mandato giudiziario, ecc.), le condizioni (tra cui quelle del rilascio) e la durata.

Italia

Nel diritto italiano, il termine arresto, in senso atecnico, designa più istituti differenti e distinti tra loro:

Si precisa che la legge parla di arresto tanto nel caso di detenzione in carcere come pure nel caso di persona a cui viene intimato di rimanere nella propria abitazione (in tal caso si definisce la custodia cautelare come arresti domiciliari e la sostituzione della pena della detenzione in carcere come detenzione domiciliare).

Esso deve essere disposto seguendo le prescrizioni imposte dalla legge, altrimenti si potrebbe trattare di arresto illegale. Oltre le forze di polizia italiane, anche i privati cittadini, secondo l'ordinamento italiano, possono procedere all'arresto in flagranza di reato nei casi previsti dal codice di procedura penale italiano, purchè si tratti perseguibili di ufficio, con obbligo di consegna del soggetto interessato alla polizia giudiziaria prima possibile.[1][2]

Arresto in flagranza

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Arresto in flagranza di reato.

L'arresto in flagranza di reato è una misura precautelare, eseguita dalla polizia giudiziaria italiana; in particolare, per i reati per i quali è previsto l'arresto obbligatorio da parte della polizia giudiziaria, ai sensi degli artt. 380 e seguenti del codice di procedura penale, e limitatamente ai casi in cui il delitto sia perseguibile d'ufficio.

Arresto come pena (reclusione)

La pena dell'arresto è una pena detentiva prevista dalla legge penale italiana per le contravvenzioni (invece la reclusione è prevista per i delitti). Come nel caso della reclusione, la pena dell'arresto prevede la privazione della libertà del condannato e la sua detenzione in un'apposita struttura per un determinato periodo di tempo. È in corso di introduzione legislativa la previsione che la pena dell'arresto venga scontata presso il domicilio e non più in un istituto penitenziario, in considerazione del fatto che la pena dell'arresto si riferisce a reati minori (classificati come contravvenzioni) di scarso allarme sociale e con pene lievi.

Arresto per custodia cautelare

Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Fermo di indiziato di delitto e Custodia cautelare in carcere.

L'arresto può essere eseguito su richiesta del pubblico ministero e su ordine del giudice per le indagini preliminari (in sigla GIP) per porre in custodia cautelare un indagato (cioè una persona sospettata di aver commesso un reato), per uno di questi tre possibili scopi: evitare che la persona si dia alla fuga (per sfuggire alla punizione penale), evitare che la persona possa inquinare le prove del reato (contattando testimoni, nascondendo prove o documenti o valori provento del reato, ecc.), oppure infine reiteri il reato (cioè commetta un reato dello stesso tipo).

Regno Unito

Stati Uniti d'America

Note

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

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