Anamidae

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Anamidae
Aname grandis, vista dall'alto
Classificazione scientifica
DominioEukaryota
RegnoAnimalia
SottoregnoEumetazoa
SuperphylumProtostomia
PhylumArthropoda
SubphylumChelicerata
ClasseArachnida
OrdineAraneae
SottordineMygalomorphae
InfraordineTuberculotae
FamigliaAnamidae
Simon, 1889
Generi

Anamidae Simon, 1889 è una famiglia di ragni appartenente all'ordine Araneae.

Etimologia

Non è nota l'etimologia del nome della famiglia. Nella descrizione originaria non vi è cenno.[1]

Caratteristiche

I ragni di questa famiglia, in particolare i generi Aname, Chenistonia e Namea, sono chiamati "ragni a forcella", per la forma della loro tana aperta rivestita di seta, che ha la forma della lettera "Y", con un braccio più corto rispetto agli altri. Solo il braccio più lungo raggiunge la superficie. Si ritiene che il braccio più corto consenta al ragno di sopravvivere alle inondazioni intrappolando una bolla d'aria.

Distribuzione

I 10 generi sono stati rinvenuti in Australia[2].

Tassonomia

Inizialmente descritta come tribù col nome di Anameae in un lavoro di Simon (1889), è stata elevata al rango di sottofamiglia con il nome di Anaminae a seguito di un lavoro dell'aracnologo Raven (1985)[2].

Di recente, a seguito del corposo lavoro dell'aracnologa Opatova et al., del 2020, è stata costituita in famiglia con l'attuale denominazione; a seguito di uno studio di Harvey et al., del 2020, è stata anche suddivisa in 2 sottofamiglie[2]:

Attualmente, a novembre 2020, si compone di 10 generi e 104 specie[2]:

  1. Aname L. Koch, 1873 - Australia occidentale e meridionale, Queensland, Nuovo Galles del Sud, Tasmania
  2. Chenistonia Hogg, 1901 - Australia occidentale, Queensland, Nuovo Galles del Sud, Tasmania, Victoria
  3. Hesperonatalius Castalanelli, Huey, Hillyer & Harvey, 2017 - Australia occidentale
  4. Kwonkan Main, 1983 - Australia occidentale e meridionale
  5. Namea Raven, 1984 - Queensland, Nuovo Galles del Sud
  6. Proshermacha Simon, 1908 - Australia
  7. Swolnpes Main & Framenau, 2009 - Australia occidentale
  8. Teyl Main, 1975 - Australia occidentale, Victoria
  9. Teyloides Main, 1985 - Australia meridionale
  10. Troglodiplura Main, 1969 - Australia occidentale e meridionale

Note

  1. ^ Koch, L. (1873). Die Arachniden Australiens, nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet
  2. ^ a b c d Famiglia Anamidae, su World Spider Catalogue, versione 21.5. URL consultato l'8 dicembre 2020.

Bibliografia

  • Koch, L. 1873. - Die Arachniden Australiens, nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet [Erster Theil, Lieferung 8-9]. Bauer & Raspe, Nürnberg, pp.369-472, pl. 28-36 PDF (a pag. 465 la prima descrizione del genere Aname senza alcun accenno all'etimo)
  • Simon, E. 1889. - Voyage de M. E. Simon au Venezuela (Décembre 1887–Avril 1888). 4e Mémoire. Arachnides. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France vol.(6) 9: pp.169-220 PDF (denominazione "Anameae")
  • Main, B. Y. 1985 - Further studies on Australian Diplurinae: a review of the genera of the Teylini (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Dipluridae). Australian Journal of Zoology vol.33(5): pp.743-759 PDF
  • Raven, R. J. 1985 - The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): Cladistics and systematics. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History vol.182: pp.1-180. PDF
  • Castalanelli, M. A., Huey, J. A., Hillyer, M. J. & Harvey, M. S. 2017. - Molecular and morphological evidence for a new genus of small trapdoor spiders from arid Western Australia (Araneae:Mygalomorphae:Nemesiidae:Anaminae). Invertebrate Systematics vol.31(4): pp.492-505 PDF
  • Harvey, M. S., Rix, M. G., Hillyer, M. J. & Huey, J. A. 2020 - The systematics and phylogenetic position of the troglobitic Australian spider genus Troglodiplura (Araneae: Mygalomorphae), with a new classification for Anamidae. Invertebrate Systematics vol.34(8): pp.799-822 PDF
  • Opatova, V., Hamilton, C. A., Hedin, M., Montes de Oca, L., Král, J. & Bond, J. E. 2020 - Phylogenetic systematics and evolution of the spider infraorder Mygalomorphae using genomic scale data. Systematic Biology vol.69(4): pp.671-707 PDF

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