Alan Cunningham

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando personaggi omonimi, vedi Allan Cunningham.
Alan Cunningham
NascitaDublino, 1º maggio 1887
MorteRoyal Tunbridge Wells, 30 gennaio 1983
Luogo di sepolturaDean Cemetery, Edimburgo[1]
Dati militari
Paese servitoRegno Unito (bandiera) Regno Unito
Forza armata British Army
UnitàRoyal Artillery
Anni di servizio1906 - 1946
GradoGenerale
GuerrePrima guerra mondiale
Seconda guerra mondiale
CampagneCampagna dell'Africa Orientale Italiana
Campagna del Nordafrica
Comandante diEastern Command
Northern Ireland
Staff College, Camberley
Eighth Army
East Africa Force
51st (Highland) Infantry Division
9th (Highland) Infantry Division
66th Infantry Division
5th Anti-Aircraft Division
DecorazioniCavaliere di Gran Croce dell'Ordine di San Michele e San Giorgio
Cavaliere Commendatore dell'Ordine del Bagno
Distinguished Service Order
Military Cross
Altre caricheHigh Commissioner per la Palestina (1945-1948)
Colonnello Comandante della Royal Artillery
FratelloAndrew Cunningham
voci di militari presenti su Wikipedia

Sir Alan Gordon Cunningham (Dublino, 1º maggio 1887Royal Tunbridge Wells, 30 gennaio 1983) è stato un generale britannico, noto per le vittorie contro le forze italiane nella campagna dell'Africa orientale durante la seconda guerra mondiale. Era il fratello minore dell'ammiraglio Andrew Cunningham.

Biografia

Cunningham nacque a Dublino, in Irlanda.[2] Frequentò il Cheltenham College e la Royal Military Academy di Woolwich prima di diventare ufficiale dell'esercito nel 1906.[3]

Prima guerra mondiale

Durante la prima guerra mondiale prestò servizio con la Royal Horse Artillery e ricevette una croce di guerra nel 1915 e il DSO nel 1918. Per due anni dopo la guerra servì negli Stabilimenti dello Stretto.[3]

Seconda guerra mondiale

Nel 1937 Cunningham divenne Comandante della prima divisione della Royal Artillery. Nel 1938 fu promosso Maggiore Generale e nominato comandante della 5th Anti-Aircraft Division.[3]

Dopo l'inizio della seconda guerra mondiale, Cunningham prese il comando delle forze inglesi in Kenya, Africa Orientale,[3] e nel 1941 occupò la Somalia italiana. Ad aprile dello stesso anno, dopo essere entrato ad Addis Abeba, provocò la resa degli italiani ad Amba Alagi concordata da Amedeo d'Aosta.[4]

Il successo in Africa orientale portò alla sua nomina al comando della neo-costituita Ottava Armata in Nord Africa nel mese di agosto del 1941.[3] Il suo primo compito fu quello di guidare l'offensiva nel deserto libico del generale Claude Auchinleck, operazione iniziata il 18 novembre che avrebbe dovuto riconquistare la Cirenaica. Tuttavia, le numerose perdite convinsero Cunningham che i termini dell'operazione dovevano essere abbreviati. Questo parere non incontrò i favori dei suoi superiori, e Auchinleck lo rilevò dal comando.[3]

Tornò in Gran Bretagna nel ruolo di Comandante dello Staff College (1942), Ufficiale nella HQ Northern Ireland (1943) e nella Eastern Command (1944).[3] Fu nominato cavaliere nel 1941.[5]

Dopoguerra

Dopo la seconda guerra mondiale, Cunningham, promosso generale il 30 ottobre 1945, tornò in Medio Oriente come Alto Commissario per la Palestina e la Transgiordania.[3] Ricoprì questa posizione dal 1945 al 1948 quando il mandato britannico in Palestina scadde e Israele fu proclamato stato indipendente.[3] Si era ritirato dall'esercito poco meno di due anni prima, nel mese di ottobre del 1946, quando abbandonò il ruolo di Comandante in Capo in Palestina.[3]

Morì a Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, Inghilterra, nel 1983.[1]

Onorificenze

Onorificenze inglesi

Military Cross - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria
— 1915[6]
1914 Star - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria
— [6]

Onorificenze straniere

Note

  1. ^ a b Alan Cunningham, su www.gravestonephotos.com. URL consultato il 16 luglio 2024.
  2. ^ D Cunningham Household Census Return, 1901, su census.nationalarchives.ie. URL consultato il 18 marzo 2011.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Cunningham, Alan, su kcl.ac.uk, Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. URL consultato il 20 giugno 2020 (archiviato dall'url originale il 5 febbraio 2011).
  4. ^ (EN) Britannica Educational Publishing, World War II: People, Politics, and Power, Britannica Educational Publishing, 1º ottobre 2009, ISBN 978-1-61530-046-4. URL consultato il 16 luglio 2024.
  5. ^ Officers of the British Army 1939-1945  -- C, su www.unithistories.com. URL consultato il 16 luglio 2024.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Hans Houterman e Koppes, Jeroen, British Army Officers 1939–1945 (COAT to CUTT), su unithistories.com. URL consultato il 27 agosto 2014.

Bibliografia

  • (EN) Hans Houterman, Koppes, Jeroen, World War II unit histories and officers, su unithistories.com. URL consultato il 12 giugno 2008.
  • (EN) Richard Mead, Churchill's Lions: A Biographical Guide to the Key British Generals of World War II, Stroud, UK, Spellmount Limited, 2007, pp. 543 pages, ISBN 978-1-86227-431-0.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Predecessore Alto Commissario per la Palestina e la Transgiordania Successore
John Valentine Wistar Shaw
(facente funzioni)
1945–1948 Carica abolita
Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN74783520 · ISNI (EN0000 0001 0988 5608 · GND (DE124374859 · BNF (FRcb16192309f (data) · J9U (ENHE987007307886405171

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