Sensor suhu

Termistor NTC, tipe manik, kabel berinsulasi

Sensor suhu adalah alat yang digunakan untuk mengubah besaran panas menjadi besaran listrik yang dapat dengan mudah dianalisis besarnya. Ada beberapa metode yang digunakan untuk membuat sensor ini, salah satunya dengan cara menggunakan material yang berubah hambatannya terhadap arus listrik sesuai dengan suhunya.

Menggunakan bahan logam

Logam akan bertambah besar hambatannya terhadap arus listrik jika panasnya bertambah. Hal ini dapat dijelaskan dari sisi komponen penyusun logam. Logam dapat dikatakan sebagai muatan positif yang berada di dalam elektron yang bergerak bebas. Jika suhu bertambah, elektron-elektron tersebut akan bergetar dan getarannya semakin besar seiring dengan naiknya suhu. Dengan besarnya getaran tersebut, maka gerakan elektron akan terhambat dan menyebabkan nilai hambatan dari logam tersebut bertambah.

Menggunakan bahan semikonduktor

Bahan semikonduktor mempunyai sifat terbalik dari logam, semakin besar suhu, nilai hambatan akan semakin turun. Hal ini dikarenakan pada suhu yang semakin tinggi, elektron dari semikonduktor akan berpindah ke tingkat yang paling atas dan dapat bergerak dengan bebas. Seiring dengan kenaikan suhu, semakin banyak elektron dari semikonduktor tersebut yang bergerak bebas, sehingga nilai hambatan tersebut berkurang

Untuk mendapatkan sinyal listrik yang baik dengan sedikit kegaduhan, dapat digunakan jembatan Wheatstone dan rangkaian Lock in Amplifier.

Сопротивление в Омах (Ω)
Температура
в °C
Pt100 Pt1000 bahasa Jerman: PTC bahasa Jerman: NTC NTC NTC NTC NTC
Typ: 404 Typ: 501 Typ: 201 Typ: 101 Typ: 102 Typ: 103 Typ: 104 Typ: 105
−50 80,31 803,1 1032
−45 82,29 822,9 1084
−40 84,27 842,7 1135 50475
−35 86,25 862,5 1191 36405
−30 88,22 882,2 1246 26550
−25 90,19 901,9 1306 26083 19560
−20 92,16 921,6 1366 19414 14560
−15 94,12 941,2 1430 14596 10943
−10 96,09 960,9 1493 11066 8299
−5 98,04 980,4 1561 31389 8466
0 100,00 1000,0 1628 23868 6536
5 101,95 1019,5 1700 18299 5078
10 103,90 1039,0 1771 14130 3986
15 105,85 1058,5 1847 10998
20 107,79 1077,9 1922 8618
25 109,73 1097,3 2000 6800 15000
30 111,67 1116,7 2080 5401 11933
35 113,61 1136,1 2162 4317 9522
40 115,54 1155,4 2244 3471 7657
45 117,47 1174,7 2330 6194
50 119,40 1194,0 2415 5039
55 121,32 1213,2 2505 4299 27475
60 123,24 1232,4 2595 3756 22590
65 125,16 1251,6 2689 18668
70 127,07 1270,7 2782 15052
75 128,98 1289,8 2880 12932
80 130,89 1308,9 2977 10837
85 132,80 1328,0 3079 9121
90 134,70 1347,0 3180 7708
95 136,60 1366,0 3285 6539
100 138,50 1385,0 3390
105 140,39 1403,9
110 142,29 1422,9
150 157,31 1573,1
200 175,84 1758,4

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