Pemboikotan Israel

Pemboikotan Israel adalah kampanye atau aksi budaya ekonomi dan politik yang memotong secara selektif atau total hubungan dengan Negara Israel, orang-orang Israel atau perusahaan-perusahaan Israel.[1] Kampanye-kampanye tersebut biasanya digunakan untuk menentang kebijakan atau aksi Israel pada konflik Arab-Israel, dalam rangka tidak menunjukkan dukungan untuk Israel pada umumnya, atau sebagian ekonomi atau militer Israel.

Pemboikotan Arab terhadap institusi-institusi Zionis dan bisnis-bisnis Yahudi dimulai sebelum pendirian Israel sebagai sebuah negara. Sebuah pemboikotan resmi diadopsi oleh Liga Arab setelah pembentukan negara Israel pada 1948. Setelah Perjanjian Damai Oslo, Dewan Kerjasama Negara-Negara Teluk Arab (DKNTA) menyatakan pengakhiran partisipasi mereka dalam pemboikotan tersebut, dan menyatakan bahwa eliminasi total dari pemboikotan tersebut adalah ended langkau untuk pengembangan perdamaian dan ekonomi di wilayah tersebut.[2]

Pemboikotan yang sama dilakukan di luar dunia Arab dan dunia Muslim. Pemboikotan dalam bidang ekonomi meliputi pemboikotan produk-produk Israel atau bisnis-bisnis yang dioperasikan di Israel; pemboikotan akademik sarjana-sarjana universitas-universitas Israel; dan pemboikotan institusi kebudayaan Israel atau tempat-tempat olahraga Israel. Beberapa advokat dari kampanye Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) menggunakan gerakan menentang aparthaid Afrika Selatan 1980an sebagai sebuah model.[3]

Pemboikotan Liga Arab terhadap Israel

Yahudi Haredi di Yerusalem sedang memegang bendera Palestina dengan teks yang berbunyi "Boikot Israel".
Para pendukung BDS melakukan unjuk rada di London. Posternya bertuliskan "Boikot Produk-Produk Israel".

Pemboikotan Liga Arab terhadap Israel adalah sebuah upaya dari negara-negara anggota Liga Arab untuk mengisolasi Israel secara ekonomi.[4]

Sementara pemboikotan Arab dalam skala kecil terhadap institusi-institusi Zionis dimulai sebelum Israel' didirikan sebagai sebuah negara modern, sebuah pemboikotan diadakan secara resmi hanya diadopsi oleh Liga Arab setelah Perang Arab-Israel 1948.

Mesir (1979), Otoritas Palestina (1993), dan Yordania (1994) menandatangani perjanjian-perjanjian perdamaian yang mengakhiri partisipasi mereka dalam pemboikotan Israel. Mauritania, yang tidak pernah melakukan pemboikotan, menjalin hubungan diplomatik dengan Israel pada 1999. Algeria, Maroko, dan Tunisia tidak pernah memaksakan pemboikotan.[2]

Pada 1994, setelah Perjanjian Perdamaian Oslo, Dewan Kerjasama untuk Negara-Negara Teluk Arab (GCC) menyatakan untuk mengakhiri partisipasi mereka dalam pemboikotan Arab menentang Israel.[5]

Sementara pada saat ini, pemboikotan Arab memiliki dampak yang negatif secara moderat terhadap ekonomi dan perkembangan Israel, namun juga memiliki efek negatif yang signifikan atas kesejahteraan ekonomi di negara-negara Arab yang berpartisipasi.[5]

Referensi

  1. ^ Wistrich R., From Blood Libel to Boycott: Changing faces of British Anti-Semitism., Huji, hlm. 14, Boycotts against Jews arouse painful associations. Attempts to remove Israeli products from Selfridges, Harrods, Tesco, Marks & Spencer, and other British chains, under the slogan “Isolate the Racist Zionist State,” have been both a symptom and a rallying point for the resurgence of antisemitism in Britain. 
  2. ^ a b Pada saat ini, pemboikotan yang dilakukan oleh negara Arab sedang dilakukan, dan memiliki efek minimal pada ekonomi Israel.
  3. ^ Mitchell G. Bard, Jeff Dawson (2012). "Israel and the Campus: The Real Story" (PDF). AICE. Diakses tanggal 27 Oktober 2013. 
  4. ^ Turck, Nancy (April 1977). "The Arab Boycott of Israel". Foreign Affairs. Council on Foreign Relations. 55 (3): 472–493. doi:10.2307/20039682. JSTOR 20039682. 
  5. ^ a b Joyce Shems Sharon. The Arab Boycott Against Israel and Its Unintended Impact on Arab Economic Walfare. Mei 2003.

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