Pemberontakan April

Pemberontakan April
Tanggal20 April - pertengahan Mei 1876
LokasiBulgaria Utsmaniyah
Hasil Pemberontakan dipadamkan; kegagalan pemberontakan memicu Perang Rusia-Turki (1877–1878)
Pihak terlibat
Pemberontak Bulgaria  Kesultanan Utsmaniyah
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Georgi Benkovski 
Ilarion Dragostinov  
Panayot Volov 
Stoyan Zaimov
Stefan Stambolov
Hafuz Pasha
Yusuf Aga of Sofya
Hasan Pasha dari Niş
Kekuatan
Sekitar 10.000 pasukan Sekitar 100.000 pasukan
Korban
15.000 hingga 30.000 tewas (termasuk warga)[1] Tidak diketahui

Pemberontakan April (bahasa Bulgaria: Априлско въстание, Aprilsko vǎstanie) adalah sebuah pemberontakan yang dilancarkan oleh orang-orang Bulgaria di Kesultanan Utsmaniyah dari April hingga Mei 1876. Pasukan Utsmaniyah dan satuan-satuan bashi-bazouk memadamkan pemberontakan ini secara brutal. Berdasarkan laporan dari Eugene Schuyler, terdapat lima puluh delapan desa yang telah dihancurkan, lima biara yang diratakan, dan lima belas ribu pemberontak yang tewas dibunuh.[2] Akibatnya, tindakan Utsmaniyah dikecam di Eropa, dan tokoh-tokoh intelektual penting di Eropa (termasuk Charles Darwin, Oscar Wilde, Victor Hugo dan Giuseppe Garibaldi) juga mengutuk Utsmaniyah. Setelah perang Rusia-Turki dimulai pada tahun 1877, pemerintah Turki meminta bantuan dari Britania, tetapi pemerintah Britania menolak dan menggunakan amarah dari publik terhadap pembantaian di Bulgaria sebagai dalih. Pada akhirnya Rusia berhasil mengalahkan Utsmaniyah pada tahun 1878, dan Perjanjian San Stefano pada tanggal 3 Maret 1878 mendirikan kembali negara Bulgaria setelah dijajah oleh Utsmaniyah selama hampir 500 tahun.

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Historical Dictionary of Bulgaria, Raymond Detrez, Edition 3, Publisher Rowman & Littlefield, 2014, ISBN 1442241802, hlm. 38.
  2. ^ MacGahan, Januarius A. (1876). "Mr. Schuyler's Preliminary Report". Turkish Atrocities in Bulgaria, Letters of the Special Commissioner of the "Daily News," J.A. MacGahan, Esq. London: Bradbury Agnew and Co. hlm. 89. Diakses tanggal 30 September 2013. 

Bacaan lanjut

  • Stavrianos, L.S. "Balkan Crisis and the Treaty of Berlin: 1878" from The Balkans Since 1453 online
  • Jelavich, Charles and Barbara Jelavich. The Establishment of the Balkan National States, 1804–1920 (U of Washington Press, 1977).
  • Mazower, Mark. The Balkans. Weidenfeld & Nicolson history (20 June 2002).
  • Walter Short, The Massacres of the Khilafah.
  • Cameron Whitehead, "Reading Beside the Lines: Marginalia, W.E. Gladstone, and the International History of the Bulgarian Horrors." International History Review 37.4 (2015): 864-886.

Read other articles:

Song by Edurne García Almagro For other songs, see Amanecer. AmanecerSingle by Edurnefrom the album Adrenalina Released1 March 2015Recorded2014–2015GenreEthnopopLength3:04LabelSony Music SpainSongwriter(s) Tony Sánchez-Ohlsson Peter Boström Thomas G:son Producer(s)Tony Sánchez-OhlssonEdurne singles chronology Painkiller (2014) Amanecer (2015) Basta (2015) Eurovision Song Contest 2015 entryCountrySpainArtist(s)EdurneLanguageSpanishComposer(s) Tony Sánchez-Ohlsson Peter Boström Thomas G...

 

Judo Women's 63 kg at the 2023 Pan American GamesVenueContact Sports CenterLocationSantiago, ChileDate29 OctoberCompetitors10 from 10 nationsWebsiteOfficial website Medalists  Maylín del Toro Carvajal (2nd title)  Cuba Isabelle Harris  Canada Prisca Awiti Alcaraz  Mexico Ketleyn Quadros  BrazilCompetition at external databasesLinksIJF← Lima 2019 Judo at the2023 Pan American GamesQualificationMenMixedWomen60 kg48 kg66 kg52...

 

Not to be confused with Field of Fire (video game) or Fields of Fire: War Along the Mohawk. Board game This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Fields of Fire game – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Fields of FireDesignersBen HullPublishersGMT GamesPlayers1Setup ...

Pro-UN organization in the United States This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable, independent, third-party sources. (November 2016) (Learn how...

 

De Allianz Arena in München, gaststad op het WK 2006. Supporters van de club 1. FC Union Berlin. Voetbal is een nationale sport in Duitsland. De Duitse voetbalbond (DFB) is het overkoepelende sportortgaan en telt 6,6 miljoen leden verdeeld over ongeveer 26.000 clubs. De competitie is verdeeld in meerdere klassen waarvan de Bundesliga de hoogste is. De winnaar wordt gekroond tot Duits landskampioen. Naast de reguliere competitie zijn er nog enkele bekercompetities waarvan de DFB-Pokal en de s...

 

Continuation of Chinese Civil War by Chinese Muslims Kuomintang Islamic insurgencyPart of the Cross-Strait conflict, the Chinese Civil War, and the Cold WarDate1950–1958LocationGansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang, YunnanResult Communist victoryBelligerents  Republic of China Kuomintang People's Republic of China Chinese Communist PartyCommanders and leaders Chiang Kai-shek Ma Hushan  Han Yimu † Ma Yuanxiang † Ma Liang (POW) Ospan Batyr  Yulbars Khan L...

1984 non-fiction book Not to be confused with Disinformation (book). Dezinformatsia DezinformatsiaAuthorsRichard H. Shultz and Roy GodsonOriginal titleDezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet StrategyCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishSubjectDisinformationGenrenon-fictionPublisherPergamon-Brassey'sPublication date1984Media typePaperbackPages210ISBN978-0-08-031573-7Followed byThe Soviet Union and Revolutionary Warfare (1990) [1][2][3] Dezinformatsia...

 

Koordinat: 2°52′S 107°42′E / 2.867°S 107.700°E / -2.867; 107.700 Kabupaten Belitung BelitongBillitonKabupatenTranskripsi bahasa daerah • Abjad JawiبليتوڠPantai Tanjung Tinggi, Belitung LambangJulukan: Maldiven van AndalasMotto: Maju terus, mawas diriPetaKabupaten BelitungPetaTampilkan peta SumatraKabupaten BelitungKabupaten Belitung (Indonesia)Tampilkan peta IndonesiaKoordinat: 2°52′S 107°42′E / 2.87°S 107...

 

Major League Baseball franchise in Baltimore, Maryland O's and The O's redirect here. For the Latin character, see O. For other uses, see OS and O (disambiguation). This article is about the current baseball team. For the bird species, see Baltimore oriole. For other uses, see Baltimore Orioles (disambiguation). Baltimore Orioles 2023 Baltimore Orioles seasonEstablished in 1894Based in Baltimore since 1954 Team logoCap insignia Major league affiliations American League (1901–present) East D...

Public secondary school in Blaine, Minnesota, United States Blaine High SchoolAddress12555 University Avenue NortheastBlaine, Minnesota 55434United StatesCoordinates45°11′57″N 93°15′48″W / 45.1992493°N 93.2634487°W / 45.1992493; -93.2634487InformationTypePublic high schoolEstablished1972School districtAnoka-Hennepin School District 11Faculty150.37 (on an FTE basis)[1]Grades9-12Enrollment2,981 (2021–22)[1]Student to teacher ratio19.82[1...

 

Chinese politician Li Liguo李立国Minister of Civil AffairsIn officeJune 2010 – November 2016PremierWen JiabaoLi KeqiangPreceded byLi XuejuSucceeded byHuang Shuxian Personal detailsBornNovember 1953 (age 70)Yutian County, HebeiPolitical partyChinese Communist PartyAlma materNortheastern University (China) In this Chinese name, the family name is Li. Li Liguo (Chinese: 李立国; born November 1953) is a Chinese politician. He served as the Minister of Civil Affairs ...

 

Israeli historian and professor Zvi YavetzBorn26 April 1925Czernowitz, UkraineDied7 January 2013 (aged 87)CitizenshipIsraelAlma materHebrew UniversityKnown forAncient history researchScientific careerInstitutionsTel Aviv University Zvi Yavetz (26 April 1925 – 7 January 2013) was an Israeli historian. He was a professor of ancient history at Tel Aviv University. Biography Zvi Zucker (later Yavetz) was born in Czernowitz, Ukraine.[1] When he was five years old, he was diagno...

Máquinas en un salón recreativo.Salón recreativo, sala de juegos, centro de ocio, salón arcade, entre otros. Es el lugar donde se encuentran un conjunto de máquinas o juegos, en los que a cambio de una determinada cantidad de dinero se obtiene un tiempo de juego. Los juegos pueden ser de tipo: electrónico, electromecánico o manual. Electrónicos: son aparatos similares a un ordenador en los que el juego transcurre en una pantalla y el manejo del juego se efectúa normalmente mediante u...

 

 TV series or program Free WillyGenreAnimationCreated byPatrick LoubertBased onFree Willyby Keith A. WalkerCorey BlechmanDeveloped by Patsy Cameron Ted Anasti Directed byGary HurstVoices of Zachary Bennett Paul Haddad Michael Fletcher Ron Lea Sheila McCarthy Neil Crone Rachael Crawford Geordie Johnson Andrew Sabiston Gary Krawford James Kidnie Kevin Zegers Alyson Court Country of origin United States Canada Original languageEnglishNo. of seasons2No. of episodes21ProductionExecutive produ...

 

Chicago Heights redirects here. For the film, see Chicago Heights (film). City in Illinois, United StatesChicago HeightsCityLooking east across Chicago Road FlagSealLocation of Chicago Heights in Cook County, Illinois.Location of Illinois in the United StatesCoordinates: 41°30′43″N 87°38′25″W / 41.51194°N 87.64028°W / 41.51194; -87.64028Country United StatesState IllinoisCountyCookTownshipBloomIncorporated1893Government • TypeCouncil...

Ebel CobraLahirAhmad Najmi HidayatPalangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah, IndonesiaNama lainEbel CobraEbel CastanyoPekerjaanpelawak tunggalaktorTahun aktif2015—sekarangSuami/istriSilvy Diary ​(m. 2020)​ Ahmad Najmi Hidayat, yang lebih dikenal sebagai Ebel Cobra atau Ebel Castanyo merupakan seorang pelawak tunggal dan aktor berkebangsaan Indonesia.[1] Karier Ia tergabung dalam komunitas Stand Up Indo Jakarta Pusat dan berhasil menjadi juara ketiga dar...

 

Enrico FermiNama dalam bahasa asli(it) Enrico Fermi BiografiKelahiran29 September 1901 Roma Kematian28 November 1954 (53 tahun)Chicago Penyebab kematianKanker lambung Tempat pemakamanOak Woods Cemetery (en), V-145 41°46′17″N 87°35′48″W / 41.771483°N 87.596711°W / 41.771483; -87.596711 Data pribadiAgamaAgnostisisme PendidikanUniversitas Georg August Göttingen (1923–1923)Universitas Leiden (1923–1924)Scuola Normale Superiore. Classe di Scienze (e...

 

Maritime fleet of Iran IRISL GroupFormerlyArya National Shipping CompanyCompany typePublicly traded companyTraded asTSE: KSHJISINIRO1KSHJ0008IndustryShippingShipyardFoundedJanuary 1, 1967; 57 years ago (January 1, 1967)HeadquartersFarmanieh, Tehran, Iran, IranArea servedPersian Gulf, Caspian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean, Yellow SeaKey peopleMohammad Saeedi (Managing Director)RevenueUS$26.1 billion (2010)Number of employees7,000 (2010)ParentSocial Security Organization Civ...

Коммунизм Теория и практика Марксизм Коммунистическое общество Мировой Коммуна Социалистическая революция Плановая экономика Каждому по труду Антикапитализм Безгосударственное общество Классовая борьба Диктатура пролетариата Коллективизм Коллективная собственно...

 

雪山獅子旗 吐蕃時期使用的軍旗 雪山獅子旗是源於吐蕃歷史上的軍旗、而於1912年設計、由十三世達賴喇嘛基於西藏地區傳統而於1918年正式確定頒布的西藏旗幟,從此收回西藏軍隊的各種軍旗,規定以後藏軍也只能使用該旗。西藏流亡政府亦以此旗為西藏國旗,是西藏“國家主權”、自由西藏、與西藏獨立運動的象征之一。[1][2][3][4][3]中華人民...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!