Patria y Libertad


"Tanah Air dan Kebebasan"
Patria y Libertad
Ketua umumPablo Rodríguez Grez
Dibentuk1971
DibubarkanSeptember 12, 1973
IdeologiUltranasionalisme
Korporatisme
Neo-fasisme[2][A][B]
Anti-Parlementarianisme[3]

Anti-Liberalisme[2]
Anti-komunisme
Posisi politikKanan-Jauh
Warna  Hitam &   Putih

Patria y Libertad (Bahasa Spanyol: Frente Nacionalista Patria y Libertad atau secara sederhana, Patria y Libertad atau PyL) merupakan partai politik, organisasi massa dan organisasi paramiliter Nasionalis[4] yang beraliran fasisme[5] di Chile, dimana pada tahun 1970an aktif melawan dan menentang pemerintahan sosialis yang di pimpin Salvador Allende. Partai ini dibentuk oleh Pablo Rodríguez Grez pada tahun 1970 dengan Roberto Thieme sebagai sekretaris jenderal, dan semakin menjadi klandestin selama masa kepresidenan Salvador Allende.

Pada bulan Juni 1973, Patria y Libertad berusaha melakukan kudeta terhadap pemerintah Allende namun gagal, dalam sebuah peristiwa yang dikenal sebagai Tanquetazo. Pada Juli 1973, PyL menerima perintah dari Angkatan Laut Chili, yang menentang Doktrin Schneider tentang kepatuhan militer terhadap konstitusi, untuk menyabotase infrastruktur Chili. Kolaborasi antara PyL dan Angkatan Bersenjata Chili meningkat setelah pemogokan Oktober 1972 yang gagal yang berusaha menggulingkan administrasi sosialis Allende. Dalam persetujuan dengan sektor-sektor yang menentang Allende di militer, kelompok tersebut pada tanggal 26 Juli 1973, membunuh Arturo Araya Peeters, pembantu angkatan laut Allende.[6]

Secara resmi PyL dibubarkan pada 12 September 1973, menyusul kudeta yang dilakukan Augusto Pinochet. Banyak anggota PyL kemudian direkrut oleh dinas keamanan Chile dan berpartisipasi dalam persekusi terhadap mereka yang menentang junta Pinochet. Anggota PyL Yang lain seperti Roberto Thieme menjadi penentang rezim yang vokal (Thieme khususnya menentang kebijakan ekonomi neo-liberalisme di bawah Pinochet). Sejak transisi menuju demokrasi, beberapa kelompok kecil mengklaim sebagai penerus PyL, tetapi tidak secara resmi terkait dengan PyL itu sendiri.

Bibliografi

Referensi

  1. ^ Reportajes 24: Patria y Libertad, los pasos de la "Araña" (min 7:08) – via Youtube. Accessed 16 March 2020.
  2. ^ a b Boisard, Stéphane (2016). "La matriz antiliberal en las derechas radicales: el caso del Frente Nacional Patria y Libertad en Chile (1971-1973)". Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos. doi:10.4000/nuevomundo.69124. 
  3. ^ Boisard, Stéphane (13 June 2017). "El antiparlamentarismo visceral y la solución del corporativismo militar". Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos. Nouveaux Mondes Mondes Nouveaux - Novo Mundo Mundos Novos - New World New Worlds. doi:10.4000/nuevomundo.69124. 
  4. ^ Blum, William. Killing Hope: U. S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II - Part I, London: Zed Books, 2003, p. 213. ISBN 1-84277-369-0
  5. ^ Academic literature describing FNPL as a fascist movement:
    • "Pablo Rodriguez, a lawyer and gremialista, formed the Movimiento Nacionalista 'Patria y Libertad' (Fatherland and Freedom), a paramilitary fascist organization, after Allende came to power." In: De los Angeles Crummett, M. (1977). "El Poder Feminino: The Mobilization of Women against Socialism in Chile". Latin American Perspectives, 4(4), p. 106.
    • "... the UN report said that it had recruited tens of thousands of collaborators, many from the fascist Patria y Libertad group." In: Webber, F. (1999). "The Pinochet case: the struggle for the realization of human rights". Journal of Law and Society, 26(4), p. 527.
    • "the fascist street-fighters of Patria y Libertad who filled the streets with garbage and gunned down antifascist truck drivers racing down the streets bringin" In: Petras, J., & Petras, B. (1973). "The Chilean coup". Instant Research on Peace and Violence, 3(4), p. 163.
    • "... hundreds of rightst anti-government terrorist incidents, particularly by the fascist Patria y Libertad ..." (ibid., p. 166)
    • "With all of these thoughts filling his head, Frei joined efforts with Jarpa of the National Party and Thieme of the Patria y Libertad fascists in their efforts to sabotage the economy and undermine the Allende Government in the firm belief that a military take-over would be temporary – a transitory phenomena - leading to the reestablishment of a Christian Democratic Government." (ibid., p. 173)
    • "The only available groups willing and acceptable to the junta were the ultra-right National Party, the fascist Patria y Libertad and the business and professional associations." (ibid. p. 176)
  6. ^ "¿Quién mató al comandante Araya?" Diarsipkan 2007-09-27 di Wayback Machine., La Nación, 20 March 2005 (dalam bahasa Spanyol)
  1. ^ Academic literature describing FNPL as a neofascist movement:
    • "Optamos por definir al FNPyL como una agrupación política no partidaria de tinte neo-fascista que derivó en un grupo armado y ejerció la violencia política como método de lucha contra los militantes de izquierda". In Gomes, G. (2016). "Héroes y demonios. Los jóvenes del Frente Nacionalista Patria y Libertad en el Chile de la Unidad Popular (1970–1973)". Revista de la Red Intercátedras de Historia de América Latina Contemporánea: Segunda Época, 4, p. 59.
    • "One of the other parties, Partido del Sur, put forward Pablo Rodríguez, the former leader of the neofascist and extremely violent Patria y Libertad". In: Power, M. (2016). Pensar las derechas en América Latina en el siglo XX. Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos, 2, p. 13.
    • "Sandoval himself has expressed great admiration for Spain's fascist Falange and Chile's neofascist organization, Patria y Libertad." In: Simons, M. (1981). Guatemala: The Coming Danger. Foreign Policy, 43, p. 100.
    • "Fatherland and Liberty (Patria y Libertad, PL). The PL was founded in September 1970 by a lawyer, Pablo Rodriguez Grez, who had been a member of Alessandri's campaign committee. A neo-fascist organization, the PL was at the forefront of conservative opposition to Allende." en: Hayes, B. C. (1979). The Invisible Blockade and the Covert War: US Relations with Chile, 1970-1973. Tesis de maestría, Naval Postgraduate School, p. 15.
  2. ^ Denied by Roberto Thieme.[butuh rujukan]

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