Luis Walter Alvarez

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Luis Walter Alvarez
Alvarez in 1961
Lahir(1911-06-13)13 Juni 1911
San Francisco, California, US
Meninggal1 September 1988(1988-09-01) (umur 77)
Berkeley, California, US
KewarganegaraanUSA
AlmamaterUniversity of Chicago
Dikenal atasAccelerator mass spectrometry
Alvarez hypothesis
AN/CPS-1
Electron capture
Exploding-bridgewire detonator
Ground-controlled approach
Linear particle accelerator
Liquid hydrogen bubble chamber
Muon-catalyzed fusion
Muon tomography
Isolation of helium-3
Isolation of tritium
Measurement of neutron magnetic moment
Suami/istri
Geraldine Smithwick
(m. 1936; c. 1957)

Janet L. Landis
(m. 1958)
PenghargaanCollier Trophy (1945)
Medal for Merit (1947)
John Scott Medal (1953)
Albert Einstein Award (1961)
National Medal of Science (1963)
Pioneer Award (1963)
Michelson–Morley Award (1965)
Nobel Prize in Physics (1968)
Enrico Fermi Award (1987)
Karier ilmiah
BidangPhysics
InstitusiUniversity of California, Berkeley
Pembimbing doktoralArthur Compton
Tanda tangan
Luis Walter Alvarez

Luis Walter Alvarez (13 Juni 19111 September 1988) adalah fisikawan Amerika Serikat keturunan Spanyol. Ia adalah anak seorang dokter yang lahir di San Francisco, California. Ia belajar di Universitas Chicago di mana ia menerima gelar sarjana dan doktornya. Pada 1938 ia kembali ke California di mana ia menjadi profesor di Universitas California.

Penemuan ilmiah pertama Alvarez adalah fenomena penangkapan elektron orbital. Ia menemukan bahwa dalam unsur tertentu, nukleus bisa menangkap elektron orbit dalam. Ini mengakibatkan perubahan nuklida ke dalam lainnya yang bilangan protonnya lebih rendah. Pada 1939 Luis Alvarez bekerja dengan Felix Bloch untuk mengukur momen magnet neutron.

Di antara hal lainnya, Alvarez dihormati dengan pengembamgan sinar gelombang mikro, antena radar linear, dan radar pemandu untuk pesawat. Selama PD II, Alvarez, seperti ilmuwan lainnya, terlibat dalam penelitian militer dalam Proyek Manhattan. Ia ikut serta dalam pengembangan radar dan bom atom. Setelah perang berakhir, Alvarez bekerja dengan yang lainnya untuk membuat pemercepat proton linear pertama (1947) dan kamar balon untuk meneliti partikel subatom yang bermuatan listrik. Ia juga dihormati dengan pengembangan sistem TV berwarna, menemukan efek timur-barat sinar kosmos, mengenali partikel alfa berkisaran panjang yang menyertai fisi, menemukan pengamatan nonradioaktif pertama untuk isotop buatan, analisis spektrum 198 Hg (merkuri), spektrometer neutron, dan metode penyinaran X untuk piramida di Mesir. Pada 1968 Alvarez dianugerahi Hadiah Nobel Fisika untuk karyanya dalam mendeteksi, mencatat, dan menganalisis 70 partikel subatom.

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