Konsonan bibir-gigi

Dalam ilmu fonetik, konsonan bibir gigi adalah salah satu jenis konsonan bibir yang diartikulasikan (atau diucapkan) dengan bagian bawah belah bibir serta gigi bagian atas.

Variasi

Konsonan-konsonan bibir gigi yang diidentifikasi oleh Alfabet Fonetik Internasional (IPA) adalah:

IPA Deskripsi Contoh
Bahasa Ortografi IPA Arti
Konsonan letup bibir-gigi nirsuara Yunani σάπφειρος [ˈsafiro̞s̠] 'safir'
Konsonan letup bibir-gigi bersuara Sika [apa contohnya?]
p̪͡f Konsonan gesek bibir gigi nirsuara Tsonga timpfuvu [tiɱp̪͡fuβu] 'kudanil'
b̪͡v Konsonan geser bibir-gigi bersuara Tsonga shilebvu [ʃileb̪͡vu] 'dagu'
ɱ Konsonan sengau bibir-gigi Inggris symphony [ˈsɪɱfəni] 'simfoni'
f Konsonan geser bibir-gigi nirsuara Indonesia fakir [fakir]
v Konsonan geser bibir-gigi bersuara English van [væn] 'mobil van'
ʋ Konsonan hampiran bibir-gigi Belanda wang [ʋɑŋ] 'pipi'
Konsonan kepakan bibir-gigi Mono vwa [a] 'mengirim'
ʘ̪ Konsonan decak dwibibir (banyak variasinya) Nǁng ʘoe [k͡ʘ̪oe] 'daging'

Tabel IPA tidak menyediakan simbol untuk bunyi konsonan sisi bibir-gigi.[1] Bisa saja konsonan geser [f] dan [v] diucapkan dengan aliran sisi, namun tidak ada bahasa yang membedakan pengucapan sisi mauapun tengah dari konsonan tersebut.

Kejadian

Konsonan bibir-gigi yang paling umum terjadi secara fonemik adalah yang bertipe konsonan geser dan hampiran.

Konsonan kepakan bibir-gigi adalah konsonan yang umum ditemui pada bahasa-bahasa yang ada di Afrika tengah serta Afrika tenggara (Olson & Hajek 2003).

[ɱ] adalah konsonan yang umum ditemui pada bahasa-bahasa yang ada di dunia. namun, konsonan tersebut sering kali terjadi sebagai alofon dari konsonan /m/ sebelum konsonan bibir-gigi, yang umumnya berupa konsonan /v/ dan /f/.

Konsonan gigi-bibir

Konsonan gigi-bibir adalah konsonan yang dihasilkan dengan bibir atas menyentuh gigi bawah, sehingga konsonan gigi-bibir merupakan kebalikan dari konsonan bibir-gigi. Konsonan tersebut jarang sekali terjadi dalam bahasa-bahasa di dunia. Beberapa dialek barat daya bahasa Greenland memiiliki konsonan geser gigi-bibir nirsuara (Vebæk 2006).

Diakritik Ekstensi IPA untuk konsonan gigi-bibir adalah ◌͆, contoh penggunaannya adalah: m͆ p͆ b͆ f͆ v͆. Konsonan-konsonan yang lebih rumit misalnya konsonan gesek, letup prasengau juga bisa menggunakan diakritik konsonan tersebut.

Lihat pula

Referensi

  1. ^ IPA (2018). "Consonants (Pulmonic)". International Phonetic Association. Diakses tanggal June 20, 2020. 

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