Kelompok etnik di Kalimantan Timur

Suku Kutai di Kalimantan Timur

Kalimantan Timur memiliki beberapa macam suku bangsa yang selama ini banyak dikenal oleh masyarakat luas, bahwa selain suku Dayak ada 1 suku yang juga memegang peranan penting di Kaltim yaitu suku Kutai[1]. Suku Kutai merupakan suku asli Kalimantan Timur, yang awalnya mendiami wilayah pesisir Kalimantan Timur. Lalu dalam perkembangannya berdiri dua kerajaan Kutai, kerajaan Kutai Martapura yang berdiri lebih dulu dengan rajanya Mulawarman, lalu berdiri pula belakangan kerajaan Kutai Kartanegara yang kemudian menaklukan Kerajaan Kutai Martadipura, dan kemudian berubah nama menjadi kesultanan Kutai Kertanegara ing Martapura.

Kerajaan ini menguasai wilayah yang luas di daerah Kalimantan Timur (bila ditinjau sekarang meliputi Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara, Kabupaten Kutai Timur, Kabupaten Kutai Barat, Kota Samarinda, Kota Balikpapan, Kota Bontang, dan sebagian kecil dari Kabupaten Paser dan Kabupaten Penajam Pasir Utara), di mana setiap rajanya dan juga keturunannya bergelar Aji, dan gelar ini terus disandang oleh setiap keturunannya hingga sekarang. Tetapi karena Kutai merupakan suku yang mendiami daerah kota dan pesisir maka pada masa kini telah terjadi proses asimilasi dengan suku-suku pendatang sehingga sudah mulai kehilangan ciri khasnya, berbeda dengan Suku Dayak yang sampai dengan sekarang masih memiliki kekhasan Kalimantan dalam setiap aspek kehidupan mereka (tarian, bahasa, cara bercocok tanam, berburu, dll).

Suku pribumi terbagi menjadi dua kelompok suku (menurut lingkungan hukum adatnya):

Kelompok Hukum Adat Melayu

  1. Suku Banjar: Balikpapan, Samarinda
  2. Suku Kutai: Kutai Kartanegara, Kutai Timur, Kutai Barat
  3. Suku Berau: Kabupaten Berau

Kelompok Hukum Adat Dayak

  1. Suku Paser: Paser, Penajam Paser Utara
  2. Suku Tunjung: Kutai Barat
  3. Suku Benuaq: Kutai Barat
  4. Suku Bentian: Kutai Barat
  5. Suku Berau:Kabupaten Berau
  1. Suku Punan Batu Kutai Timur
  2. Suku Punan Basap Kutai Timur
  3. Suku Bukat: Kutai Barat
  4. Suku Busang: Kutai Barat
  5. Suku Ohong: Kutai Barat
  6. Suku Penihing: Kutai Barat
  7. Suku Punan: Kutai Barat
  8. Suku Modang: Kutai Timur
  9. Suku Basap: Bontang dan Kutai Timur, kecamatan Bengalon , Kecamatan Kaubun , Kecamatan Karangan , Kecamatan Sangkulirang , Kecamatan Sandaran
  10. Suku Ahe: Berau
  11. Suku Berau/Banua:Berau
  12. Suku Punan Sului
  13. Suku Punan Beketan
  14. Suku Punan Murut
  15. Suku Badeng
  16. Suku Bakung Metulang
  17. Suku Merab
  18. Suku Wehea: Muara Wahau, Kutai Timur
  1. Suku Kenyah: Malinau, rumpun Apo Kayan
  2. Suku Kayan: Kutai Barat, rumpun Apo Kayan
  3. Suku Bahau: Kutai Barat, rumpun Apo Kayan
  4. Suku Kenyah Umaq Tau
  5. Suku Kenyah Umaq Jalan
  6. Suku Umaq Alim
  7. Suku Umaq Baqa
  8. Suku Umaq Lasan
  9. Suku Lapo Kulit
  10. Suku Lapo Bakung
  11. Suku Lapo Timai
  12. Suku Lapo Tukung
  13. Suku Lapo Bem
  14. Suku Lapo Ke
  15. Suku Lapo Ngibun
  16. Suku Lapo Maut
  17. Suku Saq
  18. Suku Huang Tering
  19. Suku Seputan
  20. Suku Long Gelat
  21. Suku Long Paka
  22. Suku Touk
  1. Suku Tidung: Tarakan-Tana Tidung-Malinau-Nunukan-Bulungan
  2. Suku Bulungan: Bulungan
  3. Suku Tagol: Malinau
  4. Suku Berusu: Malinau
  5. Suku Lundayeh: Malinau
  6. Suku Tingalan: Tana Tidung
  7. Suku Abai: Tana Tidung

Suku Paser dan Suku Kutai mengikuti sebagian besar adat melayu selama keberjalanannya, namun suku tersebut tetap digolongkan ke dalam Suku Dayak karena dinilai berdasarkan budayanya, sejarah budayanya, dan geneologi, suku tersebut masuk ke dalam rumpun ot danum.

  • Dan suku-suku dari luar Kalimantan:
  1. Suku Melayu
  2. Suku Bugis
  3. Suku Makassar
  4. Suku Mandar
  5. Suku Jawa
  6. Suku Toraja
  7. Suku Batak
  8. Suku Minahasa
  9. Suku Madura
  10. Suku Tionghoa
  11. Suku Bali

Rujukan

  1. ^ "Sejarah Suku Kutai dan Asal Usulnya di Pulau Kalimantan". detik.com. 2022. Diakses tanggal 17 Okt 2024. 

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