D.0005 - Pola Napas Tidak Efektif

Definisi :

Inspirasi dan/atau ekspirasi yang tidak memberikan ventilasi adekuat

Penyebab :

  • Depresi pUsat pernapasan
  • Hambatan upaya napas (mis. nyeri saat bernapas, kelemahan otot pernapasan)
  • Deformitas dinding dada.
  • Deformitas tulang dada.
  • Gangguan neuromuskular.
  • Gangguan neurologis (mis elektroensefalogram [EEG] positif, cedera kepala ganguan kejang).
  • Maturitas neurologis.
  • Penurunan energi.
  • Obesitas.
  • Posisi tubuh yang menghambat ekspansi paru.
  • Sindrom hipoventilasi.
  • Kerusakan inervasi diafragma (kerusakan saraf CS ke atas).
  • Cedera pada medula spinalis.
  • Efek agen farmakologis.
  • Kecemasan.

Gejalan dan Tanda Mayor :

Subjektif :

  • Dispnea

Objektif :

  • Penggunaan otot bantu pernapasan.
  • Fase ekspirasi memanjang.
  • Pola napas abnormal (mis. takipnea. bradipnea, hiperventilasi kussmaul cheyne-stokes).

Gejala dan Tanda Minor :

Subjektif :

  • Ortopnea

Objektif :

  • Pernapasan pursed-lip.
  • Pernapasan cuping hidung.
  • Diameter thoraks anterior—posterior meningkat
  • Ventilasi semenit menurun
  • Kapasitas vital menurun
  • Tekanan ekspirasi menurun
  • Tekanan inspirasi menurun
  • Ekskursi dada berubah

Read other articles:

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