Cahokia

Cahokia
Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO
KriteriaBudaya: iii, iv
Nomor identifikasi198
Pengukuhan1982 (6)

Situs Bersejarah Negara Bagian Busut Cahokia /kəˈhoʊkiə/ (11 MS 2)[1] adalah situs kota orang penduduk asli Amerika pra-Kolumbus (sekitar 1050–1350 M)[2] yang terletak langsung di seberang Sungai Mississippi dari St. Louis, Missouri pada saat ini. Taman bersejarah ini terletak di Illinois selatan, lebih tepatnya di antara St. Louis Timur dan Collinsville.[3] Taman ini memiliki luas 890 hektare atau sekitar 35 mil persegi (91 km2) dan mengandung sekitar 80 busut (anak bukit), namun kota kunonya sendiri jauh lebih besar. Pada masa kejayaannya, Cahokia memiliki luas 6 mil persegi (16 km2), termasuk sekitar 120 busut tanah buatan dengan ukuran, bentuk, dan kegunaan yang berbeda-beda.[4]

Cahokia adalah permukiman perkotaan terbesar dan paling berpengaruh di kebudayaan Mississippi, yang budaya majunya tersebar seluas apa yang sekarang disebut Amerika Serikat tengah dan tenggara. Budaya Mississipi mulai lebih dari 1.000 tahun sebelum berhubungan dengan orang Eropa.[5] Hari ini, Busut Cahokia dianggap sebagai situs arkeologi terbesar dan terumit di sisi utara kota-kota besar pra-Kolumbus di Meksiko.

Busut Cahokia adalah Markah Tanah Bersejarah Nasional dan tempat terpilih untuk dilindungi oleh negara bagian. Tempat ini pun adalah salah satu dari hanya 23 Situs Warisan UNESCO di Amerika Serikat. Sebagai bangunan tanah prasejarah terbesar di Amerika sisi utara Meksiko,[4] situs ini dibuka untuk umum dan dikelola oleh Bagian Pelestarian Sejarawi Illinois dan didukung oleh Himpunan Museum Busut Cahokia. Dalam rangka perayaan dua ratus tahun Illinois berdiri pada 2018, Busut Cahokia dipilih sebagai salah satu dari 200 Tempat Terkenal Illinois[6] oleh bagian Institut Arsitek Amerika Illinois (AIA Illinois) dan diakui oleh majalah pariwisata USA Today sebagai pilihan AIA Illinois untuk 25 Tempat Yang Harus Dilihat di Illinois.[7]

Rujukan

  1. ^ Pursell 205
  2. ^ Munoz, Samuel E., Sissel Schroeder, David A. Fike, and John W. Williams 2014 A record of sustained prehistoric and historic land use from the Cahokia region, Illinois, USA. Geology 42(6): 499–502
  3. ^ Cahokia Mounds Homepage; Map of the Site
  4. ^ a b "Nomination – Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, Illinois" Diarsipkan 2017-02-17 di Wayback Machine., US World Heritage Sites, National Park Service, accessed 2012-05-03
  5. ^ WashingtonPost.com: Ancient Cahokia, Washington Post
  6. ^ Waldinger, Mike (January 30, 2018). "The proud history of architecture in Illinois". Springfield Business Journal. Diakses tanggal 30 January 2018. 
  7. ^ "25 Must See Buildings in Illinois". USA Today. August 9, 2017. Diakses tanggal 30 January 2018. 

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