William Hyde Wollaston

William Hyde Wollaston
John Jackson festménye (1829 előtt)
John Jackson festménye (1829 előtt)
Életrajzi adatok
Született1766. augusztus 6.
East Dereham, Norfolk
Elhunyt1828. december 22. (62 évesen)
London
Ismeretes mint
Nemzetiségbrit
ÁllampolgárságEgyesült Királyság brit
SzüleiAlthea Hyde
Francis Wollaston
Iskolái
  • Gonville and Caius College
  • Charterhouse School
Pályafutása
Szakterületfizika, kémia
Munkahelyek
Szakmai kitüntetések
  • a Royal Society tagja
  • Copley-érem (1802)
  • Royal-érem (1828)
  • Croonian Medal and Lecture (1809)
  • Bakerian Lecture (1, 1802)
  • Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
  • Bakerian Lecture (2, 1805)
  • Bakerian Lecture (3, 1812)
  • Bakerian Lecture (4, 1828)
  • American Academy of Arts and Sciences tiszteleti tagja
  • Royal Society Bakerian Medal
A Wikimédia Commons tartalmaz William Hyde Wollaston témájú médiaállományokat.

William Hyde Wollaston — teljes nevén William Hyde Jackson Wollaston (East Dereham (Norfolk), 1766. augusztus 6.London, 1828. december 22.), brit orvos, kémikus, fizikus, a palládium és a ródium fölfedezője.

Élete

1782–1787 között orvosnak tanult, a doktor címet 1793-ban kapta meg. 1800-ig praktizált, de eddigre részlegesen megvakult. Ekkor visszavonult, és saját laboratóriumában főleg fizikai és kémiai kísérleteket végzett.

Munkássága

Kiterjedt optikai vizsgálatai alapvetően a fénytörés jobb megismerését célozták; ehhez műszereket is tervezett, illetve készített:

1802-ben felfedezte a Nap színképében az első sötét sávokat (ezeket ma Fraunhofer-féle vonalaknak hívjuk).

1803-ban az analitikailag tiszta platina előállításával kísérletezve e munka afféle melléktermékeként fölfedezte a palládiumot és a ródiumot.

1804-ben végzett kísérleteivel alátámasztotta a többszörös súlyviszonyok törvényét.

Az elsők között jelentette ki, hogy a molekulákban egymáshoz kapcsolódó atomok három dimenzióban (térben) rendeződnek el.

A hólyagkőből 1810-ben elkülönítette az első természetes aminosavat, a cisztint.

Bevezette az ekvivalens súly fogalmát (1814-ben).

Fontosabb művei

  • Synoptic table of Chemical Equivalents (1814)

Emlékezete

Róla nevezték el a wollastonit szilikátsásványt (táblapát, CaSiO3).

Jegyzetek

Források

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