Ukrán-pajzs

Ebben a szócikkben az ukrán nevek magyaros átírásban szerepelnek.
Ukrán-pajzs
ElhelyezkedésEast European craton
Földrajzi adatok
Terület180 000 km²
Térkép
     Ukrán-pajzs
     Ukrán-pajzs

Az Ukrán-pajzs (ukránul: Украї́нський щит, Ukrajinszkij scsit) prekambriumi kristályos kőzetekből álló kontinentális kéregrész, mely a Kelet-európai-tábla (Fennoszarmácia) ősmasszívum felszíni kibúvásaként jött létre a proterozoikum végére. Hossza 900–1000 km, maximális szélessége 250 km, területe 180 000 km².[1][2][3]

A tektonikus törések alapján kialakult blokkjai a Voliny-Podóliai, Ovrucsi, Dnyepermelléki, Azovmelléki, Kirovohradi, Zsitomiri, Bila Cerkva-i, Umanyi és Vinicja-Mohiljevi, melyek további kisebb részekre tagolhatók. Az Azovmelléki-hátság területén találhatóak a legrégibb, több mint 3,5 milliárd éves kőzetek (ultrabázitok és tonalitok). A pajzs (plagiogranitoidok és granodioritok) 3–3,5 milliárd éves. A pajzs nagy része egy 1,75 milliárd éves gránitpluton, amit — különösen a délnyugati részén — 1,65–1,2 milliárd éves kvarcitok és vulkanitok (diabáz, illetve porfiritek) törnek át. A pajzs legfelső része mállási kéreg, amit a pleisztocén időszakban lerakódott, úgynevezett periglaciális (tehát jégtakaró körüli) lösz borít. A Dnyepermelléki-hátság és az Azovmelléki-hátság a kristályos aljzat kiemelkedései.[4]

Jegyzetek

  1. ↑ 4. HÉT: FÖLDTÖRTÉNET ÉS LEMEZMOZGÁSOK A MÚLTBAN. Sulinet. (Hozzáférés: 2019. április 7.)
  2. ↑ NÉVJEGYZÉK-SZÓTÁR az UKRAJNA TERMÉSZETI FÖLDRAJZA tantárgyhoz (pdf). II. Rákóczi Ferenc Kárpátaljai Magyar Főiskola. [2019. április 4-i dátummal az eredetiből archiválva]. (Hozzáférés: 2019. április 4.)
  3. ↑ D.V. Rundqvist, F.P. Mitrofanov. Precambrian Geology of the USSR. Elsevier, 125. o. (1993). ISBN 9780080869087 
  4. ↑ Izsák Tibor. Ukrajna természeti földrajza (pdf), II. Rákóczi Ferenc Kárpátaljai Magyar Főiskola, 36–37. o. (2007). Hozzáférés ideje: 2019. április 4. 

Irodalom

  • Frank Press, Raymond Siever: Allgemeine Geologie. Einführung in das System Erde. 3. Auflage, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Weinheim 2001

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