Nacionalni park Nahanni

Nacionalni park Nahanni
Svjetska baštinaUNESCO
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Država Kanada
Godina uvrštenja1978. (2. zasjedanje)
VrstaPrirodno dobro
Mjerilovii, viii
Ugroženost
PoveznicaUNESCO:24
Koordinate68°05′N 115°36′W / 68.083°N 115.600°W / 68.083; -115.600
NP Nahanni na zemljovidu Kanade
NP Nahanni
NP Nahanni
Lokacija NP Nahanni u Kanadi

Nacionalni park i rezervat Nahanni (engleski: Nahanni National Park Reserve) je nacionalni park u jugozapadnoj regiji Dehcho kanadske autonomne terit0rije Sjeverozapadni teritoriji, oko 500 km zapadno od grada Yellowknifea, i svojom površinom od 47.656 km² pokriva većinu prirodnog područja gorja Mackenzie.[1] Ime mu potječe iz Atapaski (Déné) jezika indijanskih starosjedilaca plemena Yellowknife, Nahʔa Dehé što znači "rijeka zemlje naroda Nahʔa".[2] Naime, sve do 1820-ih i otvaranja prvih europljanskih trgovačkih postaja, na ovom području su živjeli indijanci plemena Esbataottine (što znači "divokoze") i Kaska (pripadnici naroda Nahane).

Sedreni ledenjački humak u NP Nahanni
Tzv. "zidarski kamen" u središtu slapa Virginia Falls

Središtem parka protječe divlja Južna Nahanni rijeka koja prolazi kroz četiri spektakularna klanca dubine do 1000 m i jedinstven krški sustav špilja, te stvara velike slapove. Park je također i dom brojnim životinjskim vrstama polarne šume kao što su: vuk, sivi medvjed i sob, te alpskim vrstama kao što su: Dallova ovca (Ovis dalli) i planinska koza (Oreamnos americanus). Zbog toga je Nacionalni park Nahanni upisan na UNESCO-ov popis mjesta svjetske baštine u Sjevernoj Americi još 1978. godine.[3]

Odlike

Ispresijecani pješčenjak, šejl i vapnenačko gorje na istoku i središtu parka je u snažnom kontrastu s oštrim brdima tvrđih magmatskih stijena na krajnjem zapadu parka. Unutar parka se nalaze visoravan Hyland, gorje Selwyn, visoravan Liard, te dolina i gorje Mackenzie. Ispod gorja Ragged Range nalaze se sedreni humci poznati kao Rabbitkettle Hotspring ("Toplice kotla za zečeve"), u uzastopnim terasama do 30 m visine. Tu su i mnoge krške tvorevine, špilje, podzemne rijeke, labirinti i vrtače, ali i veliko područje ledenjacima erodiranog pješčenjaka prije 300.000 godina, poznato kao Sand Blowouts. Na rijeci nalazi se i 96 m visok slap Virginia Falls, poznat i kao Nailicho na jeziku starosjedilaca.

Vegetacija parka je uglavnom prijelazna iz arktičke polarne šume u arktičku alpsku tundru. Smrče i topole rastu u dolinama, dok je na uzvisinama češća crna smrča (Picea mariana). U blizini slapa Virginia Falls, zbog pojačane vlažnosti zraka, raste tajga smrča-ariša, te brojni lišajevi i rijetke orhideje. U blizini mineralnih izvora rijeke Flat River rastu mnoge cvjetnice kao što su: divlja metvica, zlatošipka, majmunski cvijet (Mimulus) i dr. Sve u svemu unutar, parka je otkriveno 600 vrsta viših biljaka i 325 vrsta mahovinki (Bryophyta).

Pored šumskih bizona i američkih ždralova, u parku obitavaju mnoge druge vrste životinja kao što su: los, američki crni medvjed, mrki medvjed, vuk, ris, dabar, američki zec (Lepus americanus), kanadski ždral (Grus canadensis), grličasta lještarka (Bonasa umbellus) i najsjevernija populacija prugaste guje (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis), koja stvara zloglasne zajednice u jamama parka.

Sveukupno je u parku zabilježeno 40 vrsta sisavaca i 170 vrsta iz 29 rodova ptica kao što su: labud trubač (Cygnus buccinator), sivi sokol, suri orao i bjeloglavi orao. U potocima koji utječu u rijeke Nahanni i Flat zabilježene su vrste riba: arktički lipan (Thymallus arcticus) i Dolly Varden pastrmka (Salvelinus malma malma).

Od vodozemaca zabilježeni su kanadska krastača (Bufo hemiophrys), sjeverna leopardska žaba (Rana pipiens), šumska korska žaba (Pseudacris maculata) i šumska žaba (Rana sylvatica). Od 36 vrsta zabilježenih riba dvije su strane vrste.

Izvori

Logotip Zajedničkog poslužitelja
Logotip Zajedničkog poslužitelja
Zajednički poslužitelj ima još gradiva o temi Nacionalni park Nahanni
  1. Harper announces expansion of N.W.T. park (engl.) Preuzeto 30. kolovoza 2012.
  2. Nahanni National Park Reserve (Parks Canada)Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice od 3. prosinca 2007. (Wayback Machine) (engl.) Preuzeto 30. kolovoza 2012.
  3. Nahanni National Park (engl.) Preuzeto 30. kolovoza 2012.

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