Korintski rat

Korintski rat
Hopliti u napadu Hopliti u napadu
Vrijeme 395. - 387. pr. Kr.
Lokacija Kopnena Grčka
Ishod Neriješeno;
(Kraljevski mir nametnut od strane Perzijskog Carstva
Casus belli Spartanska hegemonija
Sukobljeni
Sparta
Peloponeski savez 		Atena
Arg
Korint
Teba
Ostali saveznici
Vođe
Agesilaj II.
Ostali 		Mnogobrojni

Korintski rat (395. – 387. pr. Kr.) je bio oružani sukob između Sparte i četiri saveznika; Atena, Arga, Korinta, Tebe. Perzijsko Carstvo je u početku podržavalo saveznike. Neposredni uzrok rata je bio lokalni sukob na sjeverozapadu Grčke, u koji se uključuju i Teba i Sparta. Dublji uzrok je neprijateljstvo prema Sparti zbog njene hegemonije u Grčkoj devet godina nakon kraja Peloponeskog rata.[1]

Rat se vodio na dvije fronte; kopneni sukob u blizini Korinta i Tebe, te pomorski rat u Egejskom moru. U kopnenom ratu Sparta je postigla nekoliko pobjeda u prvim velikim bitkama, ali nije bila sposobna da iskoristi tu prednost, pa je rat gotovo dosegnuo pat poziciju. Na moru je perzijska mornarica odlučno pobijedila spartansku flotu, čime je spriječeno da Sparta postane pomorska sila. Ovaj potez koristi Ateni koja je pomorskim pohodima povratila brojne bivše kolonije.

Kada je Atena počela pomagati pobune na perzijskom Cipru i u Egiptu, Perzijanci prestaju pomagati saveznice odnosno počinju pomagati Sparti. Zbog perzijske prevage saveznici su prisiljeni tražiti primirje.

Godine 387. pr. Kr. sklopljen je Antalkidov ili Kraljevski mir, koji je nazvan prema perzijskom velikom kralju Artakserksu II. Prema tom mirovnom sporazumu Perzijsko Carstvo zadržalo je kontrolu nad Jonijom, dok ostali grčki polisi ostaju samostalni.

Sparta uz perzijsku suglasnost postaje čuvar tog mira, čime je potvrđena njena hegemonija nad ostatkom Grčke.[2] Sparta ostaje dominantna sila Grčke sljedećih 14 godina, odnosno sve do poraza u bici kod Leuktre.

Izvori

  1. ↑ Simon Hornblower: „Korintski rat“, 391.
  2. ↑ John V. A. Fine: „Antički Grci“ (Ancient Greeks), 556.–559.

Literatura

  • Diodor sa Sicilije: Knjižnica - fragmenti 9. knjige
  • Ksenofont: „Hellenica“
  • John V. A. Fine: „Antički Grci: kritička povijest“ (The Ancient Greeks: A critical history), izdavač: Harvard University Press, 1983.
  • Simon Hornblower: „Korintski rat“ (Corinthian War), izdavač: Oxford University Press, 2003., str. 391.
  • S. Perlman: „Povod i izbijanje Korintskog rata“ (The Causes and the Outbreak of the Corinthian War), 1964., str. 64-81.

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